Confessional Poetry in The Word by Sylvia Plath Essay

Poetry Essay What sets apart the poetic style of both modernism and postmodernism is that both attempted to diverge from the traditional proses of 19th century, specifically, from realism. Both also tend to form around the philosophy of subjectivity as both explore the inner emotions of characters and thus use it to develop ideas and conceptions in the reader’s mind. Experimentation is present is both modernist and postmodernist works; however, it takes on a central role in postmodern works and deviates from the sense of order and generalized opinions. Both modernism and postmodernism digress from the classical belief of guidelines for writing good poetry and take on the approach that advocate for more a more personalized style where†¦show more content†¦199). Her poem is written in four stanzas that each contains five lines. She wrote â€Å"Words† in an open form that allows her to write in a way in which her work â€Å"does not have an established pattern to it†; this allows Plath to write without â€Å"worrying about trying to make the words fit a specific meter or rhyme scheme† (Open and Closed Form). Thus, Plath is able to express her feelings as she writes about the nature of poetry itself. Plath’s poetry is in essence a vivid blast of emotion that surrounds her during her life. â€Å"Words† shows the reader the despair and emotional breakdown that Plath feels. In fact, â€Å"Words† â€Å"was written only ten days before Sylvia Plath’s death by suicide† (Terribly-Perfect). As Paul Mitchell writes, â€Å"Most of Sylvia Plath’s last poems are characterized by a poetic language on the point of collapse. As such, the voice of this work can be said to be in process or under erasure in the sense that it reveals an unraveling of signifying practice, manifested by both non-sense and, more paradoxically, the resonance of silence† (Mitchell 2005, p. 37). Thus, in â€Å"Words† Plath was attempting to show the loss of energy and control she had in her life; she did this by combining two seemingly distinct images together: axes and horses. â€Å"Ax strokes are an image of power and controlled force. Galloping horses are exhilarating but imply the potential for loss of control† (terribly-perfect).Show MoreRelatedLife, Poetry, And Death1467 Words   |  6 PagesLife, Poetry, and Death Death, madness, and love are the main points of impulse in Sylvia Plath’s life, a habit that can be described as part of the unconscious. According to psychological studies, the effects of trauma and experience on an author can manifest itself in their writing (Caruth). For instance, we learned that the suffering of Sylvia Plath her whole life due to depression, the attempted of suicide, and the death of her father. Those traumatic experiences influenced the writing and interpretationRead MoreEssay on The Dark Life and Confessional Poetry of Sylvia Plath2207 Words   |  9 Pagespoets, who brought with them a new type of perspective within their poetry. These poets—especially those who wrote confessional poetry—established their poetry in a single, unified voice that accentuated intimate human topics such as death, sexuality, and family. An important contributor to contemporary and confessional poetry was Sylvia Plath, who employed personal aspects of her life i nto her style of confessional poetry. Plath suffered from a deep depression that influenced her to often write inRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Hughes s Poem Lady Lazarus Plath 1067 Words   |  5 Pagesappear to remind her inner wounds of life. Frequently they seem to terrorize her with their openings; They (Tulips) are opening like the mouth of some great African cat..15. In her poem Lady Lazarus Plath confirms her strong faith in rebirth and resurrection: Out of the ash I rise with my red hair and I eat men like air16. It further makes obvious her repulsion on men. She believes that Suicide, Death and Resurrection may fetch her eternal happiness. That is why, it seems, she loves death. SheRead MoreSylvia Plath is an American Writer who Writes Confessional Poems about her Life1117 Words   |  4 PagesSylvia Plath is an American writer, commonly known for her poetry works. Her poetry can be categorized as â€Å"confessional poetry†, which are poems about the poet’s personal life. Her two most famous published collections of poems are The Colossus and Other Poemsand Ariel, but it was not until after Plath’s death that The Bell Jarwas published. The Bell Jar is considered a more personal and semi-autobiographical novel. Throughout Sylvia Plath’s lifetime, she suffered mentally since she was a littleRead MoreThe Poetry Of Syl via Plath1811 Words   |  8 PagesSylvia Plath is often described as a feminist poet who wrote about the difficulties women faced before womens right were a mainstream idea. From reading her poetry, it is quite obvious that Plaths feminism is extremely important to her, but she also wrote about a lot of day to day experiences and made them significant through her use of literary devices such as metaphors and symbols. Plath may also be best known for her autobiographical poetry written in a confessional style that appeared duringRead MoreSylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus1289 Words   |  6 PagesSylvia Plath, author of â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, is â€Å"widely considered one of the most emotionally evocative and compelling American poets of the postwar period† (â€Å"Plath, Sylvia: Introduction†). Plath was born in Boston, Massachusetts and her father died when she was eight. Plath attended Smith College and due to overwhelming conditions, she lapsed into a severe depress ion and overdosed on sleeping pills. After receiving psychiatric care, Plath enrolled in Newnham College where she met and married EnglishRead MoreOne Art By Sylvia Plath Critical Analysis1446 Words   |  6 PagesBishop and â€Å"Lady Lazarus† by Sylvia Plath, the poets write to conceptualize and understand their losses, ultimately applying radically opposing solutions to the same emotional struggle. Elizabeth Bishop was a high-caliber poet known for her excellent use of form and technical genius. Suffering tragedy at a young age when â€Å"her father died, and shortly thereafter, her mother was committed to a mental asylum,† it is somewhat surprising that the majority of Bishop’s poetry is detached from her personalRead MoreAnne Sexton Confessional Poetry Analysis1192 Words   |  5 Pages Her style of poetry, confessional poetry, was used in a way to connect with her audience as stated above, and without it, she would have been unable to achieve the level of rapport necessary to reach her popularity. Confessional poetry is the poetry of the personal or I, and it began to emerge in the late 50s and early 60s (A Brief Guide to Confessional Poetry). It is associated with poets like Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, W. D. Snodgrass, etc., with Lowell playing teacher forRead MoreBreaking Up With Daddy: Sylvia Plath on Human Relations958 Words   |  4 Pageswithin the tradition of confessional poetry, a subgenre of lyric poetry which was most prominent from the fifties to the seventies (Moore), Sylvia Plath uses the events of her own tragic life as the basis of creating a persona in order to examine unusual relationships. An excellent example of this technique is Plath’s poem â€Å"Daddy† from 1962, in which she skilfully manipulates both diction, tr ope and, of course, rhetoric to create a character which, although separate from Plath herself, draws on aspectsRead MoreThe Highs And Lows Of Manic Depressive Writing1507 Words   |  7 PagesSylvia Plath: The Highs and Lows of Manic Depressive Writing Sylvia Plath, a successful confessional style poet, struggled throughout her life with issues revolving around her father’s death, unsuccessful and unfulfilling relationships with men, and her mental illnesses. Throughout her struggles, Plath wrote, sometimes writing as much as 10 drafts a day. Despite welcoming into the world two children, whom she loved dearly, Plath still felt unfulfilled by her duties as a housewife. As she wrote

Hantavirus National Park Service and Popular Camping Site Free Essays

Hantavirus It seems that the there has been an outbreak of a rare, deadly virus called the Hantavirus in Yosemite National Park. According to the article, there has been an outbreak of hantavirus infections in Curry Village, a popular camping site in Yosemite, and that two people have already died from it. However, this isn’t the first time the hantavirus has spread. We will write a custom essay sample on Hantavirus: National Park Service and Popular Camping Site or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1993, the virus had been first discovered when a terrifying outbreak unfolded in the Four Corners Area of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. The fatality rate was incredibly high—killing about half the people it infected. But, what exactly is the Hantavirus? The Hantavirus causes a disease called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which can kill an infected within just 10 days. Researchers have learned that the hantavirus is spread by the wastes and saliva of deer mice, whose population in Yosemite is bigger than usual this year. Over the 20 years since the virus has been discovered, experts have been able to learn more about the disease thus making them better at saving lives, but not that much better. Currently, there is no official cure. With that being said, I believe that this article was published to alert people about the hantavirus. It’s obvious that the hantavirus is extremely fatal and sneaky, for its symptoms are similar to those of harmless illnesses. People need to be notified to be cautious of their health. It might be in Yosemite for now, but modern technology gives us humans the ability to travel great distances. Although there has been a recent outbreak, I do not think the hantavirus is or will ever be an epidemic. This is because I think that us humans are more than capable to stop the spread of this virus. I remember reading about the SARS outbreak that originated in China a couple of years ago. The CDC and the World Health Organization were immediately put into action as soon as it was found to have hit North America. Flights were grounded, travel within borders was locked, and only around 40 people died in the entire continent. Also, I believe that this is the way we can fix this problem, almost like how they fixed the SARS outbreak. We should restrict travel to and from Yosemite so that the spread radius is minimized. Then, we should thoroughly study the virus and develop a cure. Unlike SARS, the cause of hantavirus infections is no longer a mystery. I believe that experts can cure the virus in just a few weeks if this is process is followed. How to cite Hantavirus: National Park Service and Popular Camping Site, Essay examples

Influence of Product Market Externality †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Product Market Externality. Answer: Introduction In the study essay, key features of four market structures i.e. monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and the perfectly competitive market have been described. Using diagrams, the short run and long run profits and losses in the identified market structure is also elaborated (O'Sullivan, 2009). Also, the allocation of resources in the four types of markets has been compared. Furthermore, the study paper provides a brief description of negative externalities using the diagram. Providing a case study from Australia, the impact and government interventions have been identified to solve the problem of a negative externality. Lastly, the study investigates the effect of externality on monopoly and perfectly competitive market outcomes in the presence of negative externalities. In a monopoly market structure, a single manufacturer or seller has the control over the market as no close substitute is available (Abdin, 2008). Therefore, the single firm is called monopolistic. As the single supplier produces products having no close substitute, the monopolistic firm can be termed as the price maker. In other characteristics, due to lack of close substitutes and infrastructural assistance, entry to the market is restricted for new participators. Non-price competition in monopoly market is somewhat in compared to other market structure whereas the market structure is efficient in terms of productive efficiency (Carlton, 2012). The identified market structure secures high profitability in the longer period of time. For instance, rural gas station can be identified as a monopolistic firm as there are no other market competitors (Baur, 2017). In the underlying figure, the long-term and short-term economic profits of monopoly market structure have been illustrated as follows: In a monopoly market structure, super-normal profitability can be achieved in the long-term. In case of profit maximisation, marginal cost must be equal to marginal revenue considering the competition. In case of monopolistic market structure, competition is nil. As shown in the figure, profit maximisation is achieved when MC=MR, where P is price and output is Q. Given at a price AR is above ATC at point Q, PABC area can indicate the supernatural profit (Prescott, 2013). Precisely, no presence of close substitute and competition, a monopolistic firm can secure maximum profit at area PABC in the long run. Monopolistic Competitive market Monopolistic competitive market structure forms an imperferct competiton where many producers have offfered products or services differentiated by brinading ,design, or quality. Clearly, the offered products are not perfected substituables by each other (Brems, 2013). In a monopolistic competiton, the number of competitors are many but not as high as perfect competiton. In terms of control over the price, firms have got some control on prices whereas the entry to the market is relatively easy (Feenstra, 2010). In the monopolistic competition, production factors of manufactured goods/service are not absolutely transportable. Apparently, in sich market structure, more elastic demand curve can be seen as the manufacturers reduce price of goods/service to incresae sales. In the meanwhile, long-run profits for such market structure is nil (Feenstra, 2016). Invariably, retail stores and coffee shop businesses are examples of real life monopolistic competition. In the next section, the shor t-run economic profits and losses of monopolistic competiton have been described. In a monospolistic competition, firms engaged in the market structure maximises profits by manufacturing that partcilar quantity so that MR and MC will be equal in the short-run. Considerably, to achieve the economic proft in short-term, the avarage total cost must be below the market price. As described in the above graph, D is market demand, ATC is avarage total cost, MR is marginal revenue, and MC is marginal cost. As shown in the graph, the price offered by monomistic competitive enterprise is identical to the point on D where MR=MC. Therefore, the short-tern profit will be the difference between price and avarage total cost multiplied by quantity. In case of short-run losses, if ATC is above market price as shown in the above figure, the firm suffers loss. The short term loss will be the difference between price and avarage total cost multiplied by quantity. As the avarge total cost will be negative, the figure will show loss. However, in a monopolistic market structure firms can minimise the loss in short run by manufacturing the quantity where MR is equal to MC (Keppler, 2014). In that particular case, the firm need to convest the loss in profit or should exit the market. Perfectly competitive market Perfect or pure competition is rare in the real life scenario, but the model is essential in analysing the industry that characterises similar to a perfect competition market. A perfectly competitive market is characterised by a huge number of sellers that means the decision of a single seller will not impact the price of the commodity in the market (Taylor, 2015). Furthermore, the products and services in the perfectly competitive market are standardise and homogenous in nature. Every product and service is a perfect substitute of the products and services of the rival company (Carlton, 2012). Furthermore, the firms in the perfectly competitive market are price takers and the decision of the price is made on the basis of the market mechanism such as demand and supply of product. Moreover, there are not significant barriers that may prevent a firm from leaving and entering the perfectly competitive industry (Carlton, 2012). Some of the examples of perfectly competitive market are sto ck market industry and agricultural industry because these industries have the same characteristics of a perfectly competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market, the demand curve is horizontal to the market price, which is equal to average revenue and marginal revenue. Hence, in a perfectly competitive market D = P = AR = MR. Moreover, the quantity is MC = MR (Carlton, 2012). Furthermore, in the short run, rise in the demand leads to increase in the price that provides profit to the perfectly competitive firms. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that AR is above AC that leads to a profit of P1E1MC1. However, the demand may fall due to certain factors that may lead to loss or zero profit of the perfectly competitive firms in the short run (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that AC is more than AR due to the fall in the demand. Hence, C2ME2P2 presents the loss for the perfectly competitive firm in the short run. It is important to note that the profit and loss in the perfectly competitive firms occurs in the short run due to no changes in the quantity supplied (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). The firms cannot make changes in the quantity supplied due to stagnant factors of production in the short run. However, in the long run, the firms can make changes in the quantity supplied by adding or reducing the factors of production that leads to zero profit in the long run. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: The oligopoly market consists of a huge number of buyers and few sellers. For example, the tooth paste, steel and soft drinks companies come under the oligopoly market structure. The firms in the oligopoly market are much innovative in order to differentiate their products to beat the competitors (Taylor, 2015). The firms are interdependent in order to decide the price of the product. Moreover, the investment required to enter the oligopoly market is quite high and the companies have kinked demand curve in the long run. The quantity supplied is decided by MR to MC (Kamien Schwartz, 2012). Moreover, the price remains above the AC which always provides profits to the firms in the oligopoly market. In the short run, the changes in the demand and supply do not impact the revenue of the firms in the oligopoly market. However, in the long run, the firms have kinked demand that increases the interdependency of the firms in the oligopoly market (Taylor, 2015). For example, if Colgate Palmol ive reduces the price for its products in the Australian market, the other competitors such as Oral B and Pepsodents also have to reduce their price to meet the competition in the market. A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram, that the firms in the oligopoly market has kinked demand in the long run (Kunieda Shibata, 2014). Hence, in order to maintain its profitability and stabilise the demand for its product, the company has to change the price of the product on the basis of the price charged by the rivals. However, the company will never charge a lower price below the Average Cost as the products are differentiated through innovation (Kamien Schwartz, 2012). Comparison of four market Structure On the basis of the above analysis, the comparison of the four market structures has been presented in the table given below: Characteristic Perfect Competition Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Monopoly Number of firms A very large number Many Few One Type of Product Homogeneous/Standardised Differentiated (by brinading ,design, or quality) Standardised/ Differentiated Unique; (no close substitute) Control over Price None (Price taker) Some Control over price within narrow limit Limited by mutual inter-dependence Considerable/Absolute (Price maker) Conditions of entry Very easy, no real obstacles Relatively easy Not Easy, significant obstacles Impossible/ Blocked Non Price Competition None Considerable Considerable for a differentiated oligopoly Somewhat Productive efficiency Highly efficient Less Efficient Less Efficient Inefficient Long run profits Nil Nil Positive High Examples Agriculture and stock market Retails stores, cosmetics, apparel Tooth paste, Steel, soft drinks Local utilities, rural gas station Table: Comparison of Four Market Structures Source: (Yomogida, 2010) However, in terms of resource allocation it is important to note that how the firms in different market structure use the allocated resources in order to produce the products and service in respective market. In the case of perfectly competitive firm, it can be seen that the companies earn normal profit in the long run. Hence, a fuller utilisation of resources can be evident in the perfectly competitive market (Salvatore, 2011). On the other hand, in the monopoly market, the firms produces relatively lesser amount of product to increase the demand and charge higher price for the products and services to maximise profit (Sutton, 2015). Therefore, it can be seen that monopolistic firms do not make fuller utilisation of the allocated resources. Furthermore, in a monopolistic competitive market there are a huge number of buyers and sellers, but the products are identical in nature (Slavin, 2014). The companies in the monopolistic competitive market charge a higher price than the market price due to the differentiated characteristics of the products. Hence, it can be seen that firms in monopolistic competitive market do not product at their optimum level. In other words, the firms produce less than the installed capacity (Salvatore, 2011). Furthermore, the same happens with the firms in the oligopoly market. The interdependency characteristics of this market forces the oligopolistic firms to produce lesser amount as compared to their optimum level. However, to meet the changing policies of the competitors the firms need to produce on the basis of the market demand (Slavin, 2014). Therefore, it can be seen that oligopoly firms uses lesser resources as compared to the perfectly competitive firms and more resources as compared t o the monopolistic firms. Negative externalities To identify the macroeconomic status of free market, understanding the negative externalities associated with the market is a primary need. Negative externality is said to be occurred when production or consumption of a goods can create harmful consequences to a third party other than producers and consumers (Cho, 2013). Evidently, negative externalities can impose external costs on the third party as well. Therefore, negative externalities can contribute to a market failure as the social cost exceeds private costs in a given market. The receiver of negative externalities can be any individual or organisation other than the manufacturer and consumer of the goods. For instance, any type of pollution can impact the social population. Therefore, it is addressed as a negative externality (Wang Tan, 2017). In the study, negative externality of production has been described using graphical representation as follows: A negative externality that has taken place due to production or manufacturing of a product affecting the third party other than the producer and consumers in a harmful way, can be defined as negative externality of production. For example, burning of fossil fuel e.g. coal, oil, and LNG to produce electricity can contribute to air pollution. Clearly, air pollution during the production of electricity can create a harmful effect on the social population. As depicted in the above figure, Q1 can be identified as the production output where the demand status and supply status is equal. At Q1 position, the social marginal cost (SMC) is significantly higher than that of social marginal benefit (SMB) showing socially inefficiency (Sunderasan, 2012). At point Q2, SMC is equal to SMB notifying social efficiency at the point. The marked section in the figure is called deadweight welfare loss because the SMC is greater than PMC i.e. private marginal cost. Emission of green house gas has become one of the leading challenges for Australia according to the data released by the Australian government. Hannam (2017) reviewed in the article stating that the carbon emission in the country has been continue to increase as the data released by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory discloses that carbon emission in the country increased by 1.6% in the March quarter, biggest change in terms of quarterly increase in the previous nine years. The Australian carbon emission has reached 550.4 million tonne annually up by 1% in compared to the last year. Since the Coalition government has taken the charge, carbon emission in the country was up by 6% in compared to a decline of 10% during Labour government (Hannam, 2017). Each of the data indicates how coal-powered energy sector and major industries have contributed towards increasing carbon emission affecting the social population. Clearly, the increase rate of carbon emission refers to the environment policy framework implemented by the Coalition government. According to the analysis, being a negative externality, pollution has affected the economy as well. Due to the increase in greenhouse gas, the social cost exceeds private costs. In the underlying figure, carbon emission trend in Australia has been represented as below: As described in the above mentioned figure, since March quarter in 2013, the carbon emission trend is continuously increasing. Due to negative externalities such as pollution, government interventions are mandatory to correct the market failure due to the event (Hannam, 2017). Evidently, according to the economists, internalise exterior costs and benefits must be taken into account to avoid the sustainable impact of negative externalities. In Australia, the mining, oil and gas, and coal-powered electricity production sectors can be identified as the major contributors to greenhouse gas emission. In order to reduce the amount of pollution, one of the most common approaches is pollution tax i.e. the government should force polluters to pay massive charges for creating negative externalities. In the meanwhile, negative externalities create adverse effect on the health of social people increasing social costs to that of private costs. Herein, introducing carbon tax will help to increase the private cost of production or/and consumption. Therefore, the rise in the private cost should reduce the quantity demanded as well as the output of the product causing negative externalities. In this way, government directed carbon tax can negate the adverse effect of negative externalities hurting the economic conditions. Effect of externality on monopoly and perfectly competitive market Firstly, it is important to understand the impact of externalities over the monopoly and perfectly competitive market in order to know which market structure is socially beneficial (Arellano, 2007). Moreover, the social marginal cost for a perfectly competitive firm will be always higher than the private marginal cost in case of emission of carbon in the air that causes negative externalities (air pollution) (Gilman, 2016). Furthermore, a perfectly competitive firm will produce more than the socially optimal level at Qp in order to meet the high level of competition in the market and earn normal profit in the long run (O'Sullivan, 2009). A diagram has been presented herein below for further understanding: It can be seen from the above diagram that a perfectly competitive firm will produce at Qp that will lead to negative externalities and deadweight welfare loss marked with the shaded section (Wang Tan, 2017). However, in the case of a monopoly firm it is important to note that the output will always be lower than the socially optimum level of output to maximise the profit. In other words, the output level for the monopoly firms will be at S = PMC = MR (Carl, 2012). A figure has been given below for better understanding: By utilising the formula of welfare, it can be seen from the above figure that the welfare at socially optimal price level is A + B + C + D + E + F + G + H and the welfare at monopoly price level is A + B + C + D + F + G. Hence, the deadweight welfare loss for monopoly firms is E + H that are presented with the shaded portion (Wang Tan, 2017). By considering both the market structures, it can be seen that perfectly competitive market makes fuller utilisation of resources and produces higher quantity of products as compared to monopoly market firms (Martin, 2016). It can be seen that the deadweight loss occurring from the negative externalities will be higher in the case of perfectly competitive market as compared to monopolistic market (Wang Tan, 2017). Hence, monopoly market is socially preferred market structure over the perfectly competitive market with the occurrence of negative externalities. Conclusion By considering the above analysis, it can be seen that all four market structures differs from one another on the basis of number of sellers, similarities between the products, barriers of entry and exit, decision making of price and several other factors. The comparison made on the basis of allocation of resources, it can be seen that firms in the perfectly competitive market are found to use the available resources to its optimal level. However, other market structures do not present optimum utilisation of resources due to their profit maximisation, product differentiation and interdependency characteristics. Moreover, the negative externalities caused by the operations of the firms in different market structure leads to welfare loss. Hence, it is the role of the government to take care of the social cost that is incurred by the operations of the firms causing negative externalities. Finally, the research concludes by presenting that monopoly market is socially preferred market str ucture over the perfectly competitive market with the occurrence of negative externalities due to the production of output below the socially optimum level. References Abdin, M. (2008). Hidden Monopoly in the Free Market.SSRN Electronic Journal. Arellano, F. (2007). Forecasting Profits in the Short Run: Using a More Reliable Profit Margin Ratio.SSRN Electronic Journal. Baur, D. (2017). 'Monopoly' in Real Life - The Housing Market and Inequality.SSRN Electronic Journal. Brems, H. (2013).Product equilibrium under monopolistic competition(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Harvard Univ Press. Carl, S. (2012).Market Structure. Delhi: Orange Apple. Carlton, D. (2012).Planning and Market Structure(5th ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Cho, M. (2013). Externality and information asymmetry in the production of local public goods.International Journal Of Economic Theory,9(2), 177-201. Feenstra, R. (2010). Measuring the gains from trade under monopolistic competition.Canadian Journal Of Economics/Revue Canadienne D'conomique,43(1), 1-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01577.x Feenstra, R. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Gilman, L. (2016).Economics. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. Hannam, P. (2017).Australia's carbon pollution soars, government data shows.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/australias-carbon-pollution-soars-government-data-shows-20170804-gxpd71.html Kamien, M., Schwartz, N. (2012).Market structure and innovation(7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Keppler, J. (2014).Monopolistic competition theory(5th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kunieda, T., Shibata, A. (2014). Credit Market Imperfections and Macroeconomic Instability.Pacific Economic Review,19(5), 592-611. Martin, R. (2016). Externality regulation and the monopoly firm.Journal Of Public Economics,29(3), 347-362. O'Sullivan, A. (2009).Urban economics(3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Prescott, E. (2013). Market structure and monopoly profits: A dynamic theory.Journal Of Economic Theory,6(6), 546-557. Rozeff, M. (2009). Stiglitz, Externality and Government.SSRN Electronic Journal. Salvatore, D. (2011).Microeconomics. New York: McGraw Hill. Slavin, S. (2014).Microeconomics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Sunderasan, S. (2012).Externality(2nd ed.). New York: Nova Publishers. Sutton, J. (2015).Technology and Market Structure. Cambridge: MIT Press. Taylor, T. (2015).Economics. Chantilly, Va.: Teaching Co. Wang, Y., Tan, D. (2017). The Influence of Product Market Externality on Dynamic Decisions of Monopoly.Modern Economy,8(6), 806-815. Yomogida, M. (2010). Fragmentation and Welfare in Monopolistic Competition.Review Of International Economics,18(3), 531-539.

Uncle Toms Cabin (1360 words) Essay Example For Students

Uncle Toms Cabin (1360 words) Essay Uncle Toms CabinUncle Toms CabinHarriet Beecher Stowe was born June 14,1811 in Litchfield, Connecticut. She was the daughter of a Calvinist ministerand she and her family was all devout Christians, her father being a preacherand her siblings following. Her Christian attitude much reflected her attitudetowards slavery. She was for abolishing it, because it was, to her, a veryunchristian and cruel institution. Her novel, therefore, focused on theghastly points of slavery, including the whippings, beatings, and forcedsexual encounters brought upon slaves by their masters. She wrote the bookto be a force against slavery, and was joining in with the feelings ofmany other women of her time, whom all became more outspoken and influentialin reform movements, including temperance and womens suffrage. The mainpoint of Harriet Beecher Stowe in the writing of Uncle Toms Cabin wasto bring to light slavery to people in the north. In this she hoped toeventually sway people against slavery. We will write a custom essay on Uncle Toms Cabin (1360 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The novel Uncle Toms Cabin focuses onthe lives of two slaves, who both start under the ownership of a Mr. Shelby,who is known as a man who treats his slaves well. Mr. Shelby, however,was indebted to a man of the name Haley, who is a slave-trader. In returnfor the debt owed to him, Haley wants two slaves one being the son of abeautiful mulatto woman named Eliza, and the other the devout ChristianTom, who is called Father Tom because of his sermons. Eliza is also a Christian,as are the rest of the slaves on Shelbys farm. Eliza loves her son dearlyand rather than lose him to the slave-trader she takes him and heads toCanada, where she can be free. Haley follows but cant catch her beforeshe goes from Kentucky, the state of the Shelby Farm, to Ohio. Haley thensends slave-catchers after her. He also goes back to the farm, and bringsTom on a steamboat to the South, a place where slaves are known to die,but Tom meets and makes a great impression on a little girl, EvangelineSt. Clare, or Eva as she is called, and she persuades her father, AugustineSt. Clare to purchase Tom. Augustine is a man against slavery, but toointelligent and idle to openly oppose it, instead choosing to let his slavesrun freely and do whatsoever they please, within reason. Tom is boughtas a man who works at the stable, and is the private driver of Marie St. Clare. Marie was a conceited woman who is too busy worrying about herselfto take proper care of Eva, which results in Augustine bringing his cousin,Ophelia, to take care of her and was the reason for his and Evas travelingon the steamboat where Tom meets them. Meanwhile, Eliza is taken to a Quakersettlement on the border of the slave states where she meets up with George,her husband, who is a highly intelligent slave. He escaped to the Quakersettlement by dressing as a white man, which he isnt very far away frombecause of his mulatto descendance. He then uses another slave to act ashis slave and makes it to the settlement after hearing Eliza, his wife,is there. They are soon told that men are after them, so they flee, havea confrontation in which one of the Quaker men pushes a slave-catcher intoa ravine. The catcher is then taken to a Quaker home to be tended to wherehe heals and decides to no longer be a slave-catcher. They then, dressingas two men and their daughter, as opposed to husband, wife, and son, ridea ferry to Canada. Tom, on the other hand, is enjoying himself at St. Clares,where he is having an easy life, until Eva becomes sick, and dies. St. .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .postImageUrl , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:hover , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:visited , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:active { border:0!important; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:active , .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1fa405866f399c9a46cdb2ea8043cddd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exiles By Carolyn Kay Steedman EssayClare is deeply affected by this, and begins to think about his own mortality,and the rights and wrongs of slavery. After much reflection he decidesto initiate the freeing of Tom, whose wife, back in Kentucky, is tryingto earn enough money to buy him back by being a confectioner. Tom is overjoyedwhen hearing the news of his freedom, but St. Clare dies before he canfinish the proceedings, and Tom was sold at an auction before the Shelbyscan be reached, for they would have surely came and bought him back. Tomis sold to a man named Legree, the character of the average hard slaveholder,dirty, mean and ugly. Tom is then beaten to death before George Shelbycould come and buy him back. Tom didnt die scared because he was beingbeaten for not confessing the hiding place of two female slaves, and knewhe was going to heaven. One of these females and another woman that thetwo meet on the way to Canada are relatives of George and Eliza and meetwith them. They all eventually move to Liberia, a state created in Africawhich was created for free blacks. Uncle Toms cabin comes to representthe beauty and humanity of slaves, and Toms legacy of Christian faithand obedience. Stowe did a great job with this book. Whatis believed to be one of the influential books of all time, ranking withthe works of Adam Smith and Machiavelli, Uncle Toms Cabin became an abolitionistsbible. During its time it was revised, dramatized, and published often. The effect of her book on the north and everywhere in the US was unforeseen. The book was popular and caused abolitionism to run wild among northerners. The south hated the book because of its portrayal of its (The Souths)peculiar institution. It might have been influential enough to be consideredone of the causes of the civil war, by creating a greater number of northernersagainst slavery. It displayed to the north all the evils of slavery, bycreating human characters out of slaves, who were thought to be inhuman. Stowes ideas were that slavery is wrong, which is a correct assumption. A human should not be owned because we are not animals, plants, or minerals. Humans have souls and should and can not be owned by other r humans, becausethey are all created equal. Stowes style of staggering chapters aboutTom with chapters about Eliza was effective by showing hope in two differentsituations. Eliza hoped for freedom while Tom hoped for eternity. Stoweplays these two motivations of her characters off each other to projectthe point of the book to the intelligent. She emphasizes her main pointsthroughout the whole book, perhaps too much, but she was right in doingthis, too make sure no one missed the point. She is biased against slaves,oddly enough. She portrays the whiter ones as more intelligent and clever,as is seen with George and Eliza, and the darker ones as more slow-witted,for example, Tom. Stowe also did what any intelligent reader from the beginningof the book expects of her. She creates a chapter at the end reinforcingthe story in the book with historical facts, meaning that its based looselyon the real world. She seems to do her resea rch well for the story, andher perspective was rather open, backing up slaveholders as well as abolitionistsby expressing the slaveholders feelings of hopelessness towards going againstsociety, seen in St. Clare. She made the slaves more human and the slaveholdersappear to be morally wrong, but not by always using morally correct slavesand masters without morals. For example, Stowe creates a character, Adolf,the overseer of sorts for St. Clare. Adolf is a slave who is not morallycorrect he steals from St. Clare often, yet he appears more human for doingso. The slaves or human but not divine, as are the masters, creating asense of equality, which Stowe wanted to put across. She wrote the bookwell, choosing where it was best to put which idea, and making many allusionsto historical events around the time, which made her book more popularto the people of her time by involving other things they knew of into thestory. .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .postImageUrl , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:hover , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:visited , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:active { border:0!important; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:active , .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26 .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u95346fdaf570aa893d6b12eab21ceb26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Volcano EssayOverall, Uncle Toms Cabin was well written,organized, and historically accurate. Harriet Beecher Stowe used her knowledgeof the past to write a clear argument for the abolition of slavery, bycreating an interesting enough book to get her ideas to the common people. Her book was influential because it not only told her ideas, but becauseit states her ideas understandably, something not all writers are ableto do.

Latin American Society

Latin American Society Philosophy always influenced on the development of the society and its cultural development. In different times, different philosophical views dominated peoples’ lives and beliefs. The philosophy of Latin America was formed under the influence of European philosophy that had a great impact on the development of the New World.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Latin American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Latin American philosophy begins long before the 1492, in other words, before it was discovered. â€Å"Autochthonous cultures, particularly the Aztecs, Mayas, Incas and Tupi-Guarani, produced sophisticated thought systems centuries before the arrival of Europeans in America† (Oliver, 1998, n.pg.). During these times, the philosophy of tribes that inhabited the territory advocated â€Å"the harmony between human and nature† (Sanchez, 2008, p. 299). A new period in the Latin American philos ophy began in the 16th with the colonization of the New World. At this time, Catholic churches established schools, monasteries and seminaries. The philosophy of colonial period was inspired by medieval European philosophy. According to Guttorm Floistad (2003), â€Å"Latin America philosophy has no originality. This is simply a sequence of the mentality of the colonial power†. (p. 2). In general, philosophy of the New World can be divided into four periods: colonial (starting with the 16th century), independentist, positivist and contemporary. Each of these periods had a great influence on the development of Latin society and culture. However, the leading idea of every period was independence of Latin people and consecration of the native cultural heritage. During the colonial period, many authors were influenced by humanistic movement. The most famous Latin American humanist was a folk caudillo Bartolomà © de las Casas who saw the first person to fight for the freedoms of n ative Latin Americans. He claimed that European culture should not be trusted on cultural values of people. The independestist period began with the interest to modern European philosophers and prepared ground for the â€Å"emergence of radical and conservative political movements and parties† (Floistad, 2003, p. 12). However, before the wave of revolutions that occurred in Latin America (Cuba in particular), another period of philosophical development influenced on the culture of Native Americans. Positivism was a respond to the political, economic and social changes in the countries. The main figures that promoted positivism theories in the country were Juan Bautista Alberdi and Andrà ©s Bello who emphasizes that Latin philosophy should be independent of the European one. In the 19th and 20th century, there were many revolutions based on the Marxist theories, â€Å"the philosophical and pedagogical theories of liberalism were intimately related to the historical situation † (Floistad, 2003, p. 14).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A contemporary period in the Latin American philosophy begins with the reduction of positivism. The main interest was focused on the development of the â€Å"philosophical anthropology based on a spiritual conception of human beings† (Honderich, 2005, p. 595). This philosophical movement was established after Ortega y Gasset brought into Latin American culture the ideas of Max Scheler and other philosophers. Between 1930th and 1940th, Latin American philosophy was subordinate to European ideas. â€Å"After the Spanish Civil War, many peninsular philosophers settled in Latin America† (Honderich, 2005, p. 595) and reform the philosophy that soon became independent and was established as a reputable discipline. Thus, European philosophical traditions had a great influence on its social and cultural dev elopment. Inspired by European philosophers, Latin American philosophers provides their idea of the independence and freedom of Native Americans. These ideas were reflected in works of many literary and political activists. References Floistad, G. (2003). Philosophy of Latin America. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Honderich, T. (2005). The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oliver, A. A. (1998). Latin America, philosophy in. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/overview/latin-america-philosophy-in/v-1 Snchez, G. (2008). Security in Latin American Philosophy, Ethics, and History of Ideas. Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 3 (III), p. 299-310, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75977-5_20.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Latin American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Assessment of Patients Perceptions

Caring has been widely discussed in the health care professions, especially in nursing which is considered to be one of the caring professions (Boykin and Schoenhofer 2001). Watson (1985) describes caring as a moral ideal of nursing. According to Watson, caring preserves human dignity in cure dominated health care systems and becomes a standard by which cure is measured (Watson 1988c, p. 177). Research literature indicates that the assessment of quality of care from the patient’s perspective has been operationalised as patient satisfaction (Dufrene 2000). Nurse caring has been related to patient satisfaction in western literature (Wolf et al 2003; Wolf et al 1998; Forbes and Brown 1995; Boyle et al 1989). There are so many factors that influence patients’ perceptions of care given by the opposite sex. Some of these are: Age, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic and health status. The most consistent finding has been related to age. Older patients tend to be more satisfied with their health care. Studies that have looked at ethnicity have generally held that being a member of a minority group is associated with lower rates of satisfaction. Studies on the effect of gender show that women tend to be less satisfied and other studies show the opposite. Most studies have found that individuals of lower socio-economic status and less education tend to be less satisfied with their health care. Other studies have shown that poorer satisfaction with care is associated with experiencing worry, depression, fear or hopelessness, as is having a psychiatric diagnosis such as schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder or drug abuse. Health status can greatly influence satisfaction of an individual (Hall, 1990). It is important to examine the relationships of nurse caring to patient satisfaction in Cape Coast because of severe staff shortages, heavy workload, and low salaries in Cape Coast Hospitals. Nursing literature had long recognized importance of these perceptions as major factors militating against prompt and effective service delivery in the care environment. One of the critical roles and ethics of the nurse is to treat all patients irrespective of their gender, colour, creed, political inclination and religious affiliations. High quality nurse-client communication is the backbone of the art and science of nursing. It has a significant impact on patient well-being as well as the quality and outcome of nursing care, and is related to patients’ overall satisfaction with their care. The maintenance of high nurse patient communication also depends on the nurse and patient. The quality of care in a hospital has been shown to be influenced by several factors including: inadequate nursing staff, lack of regular water supply on wards, too much nursing documentation, too long waiting time, and lack of specialized nurses. In Ghana, there is crisis in nurse-client communication evidence from four sources. These are personal observation, anecdotes from client and their families, media reports, and official health reports. Although there is ample evidence to demonstrate that most nurses are females, one cannot discount the enormous services that male nurses provide irrespective of their gender. The ever increasing number of female nurses compared to male nurses in our wards, coupled with patient dissatisfaction toward treatment received has raised a lot of questions as to whether there is a perceived idea that male nurses offer better care or otherwise. With the introduction of Health Insurance a few years ago, more patients report to the hospital and are also consciously aware of their rights and responsibilities as patients and hence will demand for better service delivery from care givers. Recently, patient dissatisfaction has been on the ascendancy in several hospitals across Ghana including University of Cape Coast Hospital. This has raised a lot of concerns about the perceptions patients have regarding the care given by male nurses.

Social Thought & Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Thought & Social Change - Essay Example There has been a â€Å"social change† in United States (Cornish, 1993, pp. 162). Various sociologists belonging to different school of thoughts have interpreted social change differently. In particular, notion of Social Change will under evaluation according to the works of Karl Marx and Max Webber. Marx simply defined social change as something, which emerges from class conflict, and this social change might be in the form of revolutions and not necessarily peaceful (Tischler, 2007, pp. 14). Weber’s ideas on social change were not economically based like that of Marx, but he emphasized that social change is brought about by ideas and ideals (Denhardt, 2004, pp.26). Society has undergone various transformations; the theories of Marx and Weber highlight how social change brought about these transformations. The paper explains the theories of Marx and Weber to explain the concept of â€Å"post industrialist† society. Bell does not really define post industrialist s ociety as a transition into service industry. Bell places great emphasis on scientific knowledge in this era and this scientific knowledge is a catalyst for social change (Mackay, Maples, Reynolds, 2001, pp. 24). Postindustrial era emerged after the Second World War that saw immense technological developments some of which included the transformation of matter into energy, atom bomb and the first digital computer (Bell, 1973, pp. 339). The character of ‘knowledge’ itself stands out in postindustrial societies. The main features of a postindustrial society include that of an increase in the size of the service industry, extensive use of machinery, an increase in the amount of information technology and knowledge and creativity standing out (Society, n.d, n.p). Karl Marx was particularly focused on the inequality perpetuated by capitalism. He argued that a particular technology did not define capitalism, and was the relation of social forces within the capitalist society that was significant. In the sense, that the people who owned the means of production and the workers who worked on these means of production had an important relationship. Although technology was vital to the process but it resulted only â€Å"as consequence of the relationship between those who produce surplus value and who appropriate it† (Jordan, Pile, 2002, pp.102). The works of Marx itself were based on the industrialist society. However, various contemporary Marxist theorists have identified that the conflicts within the framework of work, which occurred in industrial society have still not been removed with the introduction of the post industrialist era, also widely known as Information Communications Technology (ICT). In addition, even Bell has identified that the landowner and soldier were central figures in pre-industrial society and the businesspersons in industrial society, largely scientists and researchers dominate the postindustrial society (Cornish, 1993, pp. 162). Marxists therefore would emphasize that the scientists and researchers have the ‘elite’ knowledge, which is in the hands of the powerful few. Hence, there is inequality in the society. Furthermore, there has been an integration of ICT into the manufacturing world. This is an addition of modernity to the trend, which Marx had established. Therefore, according to Marxists, ICT is a ‘

Technology and Human Error in Aviation Term Paper

Technology and Human Error in Aviation - Term Paper Example Thus, every sector in the aviation system must find all facets where computers may be leveraged on to their advantage. Use of Computers in Aviation Systems To most, computers are for games, research, online business, sending e-mails, or downloading and uploading files. But in the aviation system, computers hold the life of the crews and passengers. A small hitch on the computer’s program might result to an aerial accident. Computers have various uses in modern aviation. These may be used to design aircrafts with better capacity, performance, and state of the art equipments. It can spot the parts of the aircraft that need maintenance, repairs, and modifications. Computers can read the codes of the system that has malfunctioned. Moreover, it may identify the geographic location of the aircraft and monitors its flight, and process data and communication transmission between ATC (air traffic controller) and pilot, among air traffic controllers, and among flight crews. It may ensur e airport and aircraft safety against accidents, unpleasant incidents, and delays; and give automatic weather reports so as to warn pilots of the coming weather conditions. Technology allows for accurate calculations and computations useful in designing aircraft and saves important data on maintenance and inspection history and some other specifications related to the plane. These data are used to check if the plane is still fit to fly or not (Dhillion, 2007). Analysis of Human Error How tragic is the effect of human error in aviation? About 70 – 75% of aviation accidents are attributed to human-related errors (Hall, 2003). When one diverts from what is accurate, then that may possibly constitute human error (Dhillion, 2007). It is considered human error when one fails to do what is expected from him or her. Structures of error are developed to identify its origin and reasons according to these different perspectives by Weigman and Shappel (2003). The cognitive perspective ta rgets the pilot’s skill on decision-making and choosing strategies, ability to solve problems during flight, and capability to comprehend and respond to stimulus and commands on hand. To reduce the mental workload of the pilot and to avoid accidents, a checklist is advised. This is also a ground for skill-based and decision errors (Weigman and Shappel, 2003). The ergonomic perspective suggests that even if all the reports would identify human-related error as the primary root of accidents, in this systems perspective, it hardly or rarely points to human as the cause. At the start of developing and designing the system and equipment, human factors are already considered. Accidents occur when a mismatch transpires between man, machine, and the environmental components. Problems arise when there are stressors in the part of human like anxiety and hazardous attitudes (Weigman and Shappel, 2003).. Moreover, the behavioral perspective states that rewards, motivations to work safely , the threat of punishment for failures, and past experiences can greatly influence the performance of an individual. According to Reason (1997, 2000), people who violate rules are motivation-driven people. They need to be rewarded when they follow safety rule and the lack of tangible reward for this individual will tend him to twist or break rules. Although this is unacceptable logically,

The Success of US Economy in 2004-2007 Essay Example for Free

The Success of US Economy in 2004-2007 Essay Economics and professionals economists have felt the heed of a series of books economic subjects which is not filled by usual textbooks or by the highly technical treatise.   This present series are published under the general title ‘The Economics handbook series with the interest of informing any reader in general. They are short volumes that give essentials of the subject matter within the hundreds of few pages within a short span of period. The American Economy has undergone a considerable remodeling during the recent past. First the most important issue is the single factor, which is the new factor that has never been experienced in the History of America. America has never had a major depression far nearly two decades. WE have had virtually full employment and booming prospect. Although past experience has been quite different throughout out history every eight or nine years we have experience serious depression and widespread unemployment. Indeed over a century our economy was the most violently fluctuating economy in the world. The recent election history, particularly 2000 presidential contest and 2002 congressional elections, suggests a decisive victory for the incumbent republican president.   Since then the American economy had enjoyed unprecedented economic growth. The budget was balance and with the cold war over and America as the only hegemony left standing, the world was mere peaceful than ever (Acemoglu, 2004) Operating under pressure the American Economy had performed a miracle. The output response to adequate aggregate demand has surprised everyone, and what is many still more surprising, it has not led to any such destructive inflation as was feared. Clearly we are not out of words in this matter, but the experience of recent years is reassuring. One thing is certain; our economy is equipped with three powerful safeguards against peace time inflation: 1. Our prodigious capacity to increase production when under pressure. 2. Our capacity both corporate and individual, to save at high income levels; 3. Our demonstrated capacity at responsible fiscal and monetary management. However the problem of wages and collective bargaining still remain. There can be no doubt that this requires statesman like action. In all events it is therefore fair to say that experience thus far indicates that the alarmists may well have beaten the drums a little too loudly and it will be happy to note recently a little softer note in the discussion of this very important problem. A high degree of stability in the value of money must be an important consideration of public policy. Yet there is in considerable danger of making a fetish of rigid price stability. This fetish could easily become a serious obstacle to optimize. (Karol Panis, 2004) The record of post man central Bank history in the United States points to the conclusion that monetary policy has become only one of many instruments controlling the rate of aggregate spending. And fiscal policy has played the dominant role, with monetary policy and selective controls serving as important supporting measures. The long term interest rates still need to be coming down, especially since they climbed back recently short term rates could go down another percentage point to help. In addition the Federal Reserve should conduct some of its open market purchases in the long-term markets, and the Treasury should stop selling new bonds in the long term markets. Both measures would lighten the supply of bonds in the long maturities, give an upward push on their prices and bring down long tern interest rates. In 1960, on the Kennedy Council, the council was trying to persuade the Whitehouse, the congress and the public that the beginning of recovery is only the begging of recovery. At that point, the full employment growths push. By simply changing the direction of the economy from negative to positive does not automatically trigger an inflation problem. This will indicate that just because the economy has turned around and is going up rather than down is going up rather   than down for a month or two or a quarter or two does not mean the business cycle problem is solved. A lot of unemployment excess capacity and slack demand still persists at and after the typical cyclical turning point (Barrel, 1992) The government offers job training and job training is a pervasive aspect of the life of Americans, Wages and salaried employment is the single largest source of aggregate personal income in the United States. Every person holding a job has benefited from the training. Most job training in the United States is undertaken by private employers in their normal course of doing business, but each year, many Americans in precarious economic conditions use publicly funded job training as a path to employment. Training comes in many shapes that are not the same and in different forms. There is an important distinction between general and firm specific training. The general training provides the trainee with skills that apply to many employers in the labor market while specific training mainly offers skills that have value within a given firm or for a given employer. The government finances more of the former whole employers support more of the later since they are its principal beneficiaries. Both public and private intermediaries have played important role as service providers throughout during the publicly funded employment and training programs. The work forces investment act (WIA) has expanded the role of intermediaries participating in the workforce investment system by establishing new one stop operator roles and excluding local work force investment boards from being direct service providers, unless waivers have been removed.   Intermediaries that provide services under WIA receive funds from local boards to provide direct employment and training services to customers or facilitate work force development in the one-stop environment. In the recent past, concern about the skills of the US work force has emerged as a persistent public policy issue. The current focus on skills and their importance in the working lives of Americans is not new, rather a renewal. The Federal training policy has its roofs. In new deal public workers programs several factors are tied to the renewed public interest in skill development. Globalization, technological change and the reorganization of work have combined to produce dramatic changes in the demand for workers’ skill. Today a ‘good’ job increasing requires a strong base of analytical quantitative and verbal skills. In the United states these skills are produced for the most part by the educational system, followed in sequence by private employers. (O’Leary et al. 2004) While most work force development programs have evolved incorporating lessons learned from previous initiatives, the job corps program, designed to offer disadvantaged youth a one year residential work force development program, has continued virtually unchanged since it was established by the economic opportunity act in 1964. In the next 15 years, work in the United States will be shaped by a number of forces that includes demographic trends, advances in technology and the process of economic globalization. These key factors have already played a role in shaping the world of work in today economy. They have influence the size and composition of labor force, the features of the work place, and the composition structures provided by employers. During the last century the US economy was shifting from one based a production to one based on information. New technology had spawned new products and industries had transformed the way firms in established industries were organized and labor was employed. The phenomenon of globalization can be viewed from a number of perspectives. There is no a single agreed upon definition (world bank 2000) Economic aspects of globalization has seen the flows of goods and services, direct investment and other capital flows, the transfer of knowledge or technology and the movement of people. From this, perspective in the United States, the era of economic globalization affects the size of the markets we produce far the mix of products be consumed and the nature of the competition in the global market place. It also has implications for the labor market, the US workers compete in and the sources of domestic and international labor available to US firms and in addition to the economic dimension of globalization, it also has political social and cultural dimensions such as the balance of power across nations. (Karol Panis, 2004) The secular bent of the shah as well as his oppression and dictatorial ways alienated many Iranian groups allowing radical Islamists to overthrew the dictator and in stall a radical Islamic state in its place. The new regime held Washington acceptable for its years of support of shah, and relations between the two countries deteriorated as groups of Iranians took over American Embassy in Teharan.This is in support of explainging to exposà © the roots of present war on terrorism. (Gareau, 2004). One of the apparent puzzles in the empirical corporate governance literature is the lack of correlation between the presence of independent directors and the firm’s economic performance. Various studies have searched in vain far an economically significant effect on the overall performance of the firm. Theory would predict that firms will select the board structure that enhances the chance for survival and success; it competitive market pressure eliminates out of equilibrium patterns of corporate governance whole some predict that corporate governance in the US is already good and therefore marginal improvements in a particular corporate governance mechanism would expectedly have a small effect. The rise of independent directors in the diffusely held public form is not driven only by the need to address the managerial agency problem at any particular form but on how to govern forms so as to increase social welfare. Fundamental changes in the information environment rewarded th e ratio of the firm’s reliance on private information to its reliance information impounded in the prevailing stock market prices. In conclusion over the period between 2004 and 2004, the central planning capabilities of the large public firm became suspect. The richer public information environment changed the role of directors and special access to private information became less important. Thus the fidelity shareholder value as to the utility of stock market signals found unit in the reliance on stock price maximization as the measure of managerial success. (Gordon, 2007) The US economy slowed sharply in the fourth quarter of 2005 growing of its slowest rate since early 2003. This is because private consumption was weak largely due to a sharp drop in auto sales as buyer incentive programs ended and gasoline process surged in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, corporate fixed investment was subdued and net experts exerted a substantial drag and growth. Mainly indicators suggest that the weakness was concentrated on the early part of the quarter and the economy had subsequently bounced back.   Industrial production has strengthened capital goods orders are firm non fair payrolls increased and consumer confidence has rebounded from its Past Katrina slump. Consequently real GDP growth issues expected to rebound in the first quarter 7 2006 and average at 3.4 percent for the year as a whole. Strong corporate profits and comfortable financing conditions imply a positive outlook for business investment. Consumption growth, however is expected to slow in 2006 by about  ¾ percent point as a cooling housing market and elevated energy prices more than offset any acceleration in disposable incomes from employment and wage growth with corporate profits expanding robustly and balance sheets in good shape, business investments and employment growth could be stronger than expected, but overall risks to the outlook are slanted to the down side. The large current account deficit 6.4 percent of GDP in 2005 makes the United States vulnerable to a swing in investors’ sentiment that could put downward pressure on, the dickens and see a spike in long-run interest rates. However a weaker housing market could trigger a more abrupt withdrawal of consumer demand than anticipated. House prices have grown strongly in recent years providing a boost to economic activity through their effect on consumption, residential investment and employment. (World Economic Outlook, 2006)

A Complex Satan in John Miltons Paradise Lost :: Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Milton's Complex Satan in Paradise Lost Milton's Satan continues to fascinate critics largely because he is more complex than the Devil of the Christian tradition appears. Satan's rebelliousness, his seeking of transcendence, his capacity for action, particularly unconventional action, endeared him to certain types of minds, even if their viewpoint might be considered theologically misleading. Milton often follows the road of intellectual definition for his characters, of reasoning demonstration. This serves well his theological and intellectual cohesiveness. However, when his thought becomes more conceptual rather than metaphoric, it falls trap to its own special kind of static imprisonment. Most of the images in Paradise Lost, however, have a substantial life of their own; they are properties rather than metaphors. In the presentation of Satan, Milton is dealing with a special difficulty. He is not presenting a human intelligence, but an angelic one-a being the nature of which is almost impossible for the human mind to grasp. Milton simplifies the matter by making spiritual intelligences more highly refined versions of human intelligence. He is still left with one problem, that of introducing a flaws in this refined beings. Because of these refined intelligence, these creatures should incline solely to good. "So farwel Hope, and with Hope farwel Fear, Farwel Remorse: all Good to me is lost; Evil be thou my Good;" (IV, 109-111) In this intensely dramatic statement, Satan renounces everything that's good. His is not a lack of intelligence, or weakness of character, very simply an acceptance of evil. It almost justifies C. S. Lewis' observation. "What we see in Satan is the horrible co-existence of a subtle and incessant intellectual activity with an incapacity to understand anything." Although the statement "Evil be thou my Good," makes no sense on the surface, it has a symbolic meaning as an expression of Satan's will to reject the hierarchy of values set before him. In doing so he creates an illusory world that reflects his adopted values, which he accepts as reality. His reality is based on hatred. His hatred makes him psychologically dependant on that he hates, thus making it all the greater. Throughout the epic Milton dramatizes this dependence among the devils- even the hatred that gives them their energy is based on that reality which

Nursing Information Expert Essay

Nursing is a profession within the health care sector that focuses on protecting and promoting health care. It involves prevention of illness, injury and treatment of human diseases. The nursing profession requires that information of patients should be kept and recorded in a manner that can allow for proper review of patients. Some of the tasks that a nursing information expert is charged with include communicating and coordinating care with all other clinical disciplines, coordinating discharge planning, education and teaching transitions of care. They are also tasked with managing all information related to the nursing process and patient care delivery. According to (Gassert’s, 1996), some of the roles of a nursing information expert include administration, leadership and management, analysis, consultation and research evaluation. These roles require that the nursing information expert should be very good in information keeping and analysis. Professional nurses use information and data in everyday practice not only to add value to various health organizations but also to improve them. Some of the ways in which professional nurses use information and data to improve outcome include analyzing clinical and financial data, promoting and facilitating access to resources and references, providing content to standardized languages and improving relationships between providers and recipients of health care (Clifford, 2001). Technology is the collection of tools such as machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans to foster their daily activities in various fields. There has been a tremendous growth in technology in the healthcare sector. (Henneman, 2010) states that technology in the acute and critical care setting is typically equated with devices such as bedside monitors, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), bar-coding devices, mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines, point-of-care testing, ventricular assist devices, and computerized information systems. The type of technology therefore required for the care of each individual patient is very crucial to the recovery and the health of a patient. The analysis of information and data has been made very easy for the nurses through the technology that has impacted very positively in the health sector. It is the combination of technology and handling of information that has brought about the reduction in mortality rates in various health organizations. References Clifford, C. &. (2001). Pre- and post-test evaluation of a project to facilitate research. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Gassert’s, P. a. (1996). Information Management in Nursing and Health Care. Standards of practice and preparation for certification., 280-287. Henneman, E. A. (2010). Patient Safety and Technology. Patient Safety and Technology.

Criminal: Snatch Theft Essay

Snatch theft is becoming a serious issue nowadays. During the months of June and July 2004, the local media, especially the press, have been replete with reports of crime and violence in Malaysia. There have been many reports of snatch thefts which has given a great impact to the society. Police statistics on these crimes indicate that they are on the rise. Therefore, there is a sense of anxiety, even panic and fear in the air. see more:snatch theft essay The seriousness of this crime can be proven when on January 29th, 2005, the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi himself has addressed throughout the country his curious concern on the rise of the crime and the need to implement more severe punishments. There are lots of articles in the newspapers and on the internet to show the seriousness of the offence of snatch theft. On January 30th 2005, our nation’s leading newspapers, namely Berita Minggu and The Star had reported snatch theft crimes, which had happened near Ipoh, Perak. The suspect had snatched the bag from a sixty year old woman at a shopping mall at Jalan Kampar, as the woman was walking to her car. The twenty year old thief, who had tried to escape in his car, also knocked down a man, who suffered minor injuries. The suspect ran through the traffic lights and collided with two cars. This has caused him to lose control of his vehicle, which then hit the road sign. The suspect then was detained. The second example of this snatch theft crime happened on January 9th 2005. Berita Minggu had reported another snatch theft incident, where two female students were injured after their motorcycle crashed into a concrete drain while escaping from a snatch criminal. The suspect had followed the girls with a motorcycle on their way after attending tuition class. In another case, on June 10th 2004, Ros Saliza Burhan, a factory worker on her way waiting for the bus was followed by two men on a motorcycle. Failed to snatch the victim’s bag, the criminal had used force against her by stabbing her three times so that she will release her bag. The victim fainted because of the injury. Those were just among a few cases occur in our country. There are other cases, which cause a more terrifying result such as death, grievous hurt, shocked and so forth. The seriousness of this offence can be seen when Chin Wai Fong died in Brickfields in May when she fought back against a snatch thief. Then Chong Fee Cheng fell, went into a coma and died while resisting a snatch thief in Johor Baru in mid-June. This was followed by the killing of Rosli Mohamed Saad who had gone to the aid of an Indonesian woman whose bag was snatched in Ampang in June 29. The newspapers also carried statistics on the number of snatch thefts. Relying on police statistics, Penang Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr Koh Tsu Koon revealed that there had been a total of 515 cases of snatch thefts in Penang between January and May 2004. Meanwhile the Perak Chief Police Officer reported a total of 374 cases of snatch thefts in his state during January to May 2004. With all the examples and discussions given, the issue of whether or not the crime of â€Å"snatch theft† should be separated from the offence of â€Å"theft† and â€Å"robbery† will impose a lot of legal discussion in order to ensure public safety. The main and crucial issue to be discussed here is that whether the offence of â€Å"theft† and â€Å"robbery† sufficiently address the offence of â€Å"snatch theft†. In other words, whether or not the elements of the two offences, which are already in the Penal Code are sufficient to be raised for a person who commits snatch theft. In order to tackle this issue, the elements of â€Å"theft†, which is under section 378 of the Penal Code and the elements of â€Å"robbery† which is under section 390 of the Penal Code have to be analyzed one by one. First and foremost, we would like to discuss the elements of â€Å"theft† which is under section 378 of the Penal Code. The said pr ovision defines theft as â€Å"Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person’s consent, moves that property in order to such taking, is said to commit theft†. Basically, from the definition, there are five elements of â€Å"theft†. The first element is dishonesty. It is defined under section 24 of the Penal Code as â€Å"Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, irrespective of whether the act causes actual wrongful loss or gain, is said to do that thing â€Å"dishonestly†.† This shows that the important thing is to determine whether or not there is an intention to cause wrongful gain or wrongful loss to the other person. What is â€Å"wrongful gain† and â€Å"wrongful loss† then? It is further defined in section 23 of the Penal Code, whereby a person is said to gain wrongfully when such person retains wrongfully, as well as when such person acquires wrongfully. A person is said to lose wrongfully when such person is wrongfully kept out of any property, as well as when such person is wrongfully deprived of the property. Since dishonesty requires the intention to wrongfully gain or lose, the intention must exist at the time of moving of the property. This is because, it is not theft if there is no intention at the time of taking of the property . The authority for the first element can be seen in the case of Raja Mohamed v. R whereby the principle is that there must be an intention to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of another person without that person’s consent in order to constitute theft. Meaning to say, it is sufficient that the person, who has such dishonest intention moves the property in order to such taking. In addition, it is not necessary to move such property in order to move out of the possession of the other person. Next, the second element is that the person must take without consent. It means that there must be an intention to take another’s property without consent. The important point here is how the accused conceives of the situation whether or not the person whose property is taken would consent to it. In other words, this element depends on the mind of the owner of the property. In the situation when a person consents, then the actus reus of theft is not fulfilled and therefore there is no theft. The third element is to take out of possession. It means that the property must be taken or moved out of the possession. If the accused has a dishonest intention and moves the property, then he is said to move the property out of possession. It is to be noted here that theft is an offence against possession and not of ownership. Therefore, the offence is against the person who is in possession. A possession for the purpose of theft relates to movable property and movable property, which is lost or abandoned may not be in any possession of any person. However, when it is neither lost nor abandoned, even if it is then placed in the possession of someone else, the possession may still remain with the true owner. Subsequently, the fourth element is movable property. What is â€Å"movable property† is defined under section 22 of the Penal Code, which states that the words â€Å"movable property† are intended to include corporeal property of every description. Except land and things attached to the earth, or permanently fastened to anything which is attached to the earth. It means that as long as the thing is attached to the earth, therefore it is not movable. Furthermore, a thing attached to the earth is not movable and cannot be a subject of theft until it has been severed from the earth. Land within the meaning of section 22 of the Penal Code does not include soil from the land. However, when it is dug out of the land, it is then known as movable property. In the case of Lim Soon Gong & Ors., the respondents were charged with committing theft of sand from the foreshore. The principle of this case regarding the fourth element is that sand, which has been dug out from the foreshore is a movable property. Eventually, the final element of theft is there must be a moving of the property. It means that the property must be moved out of possession. This can be seen in the authority of Raja Mohamed v. R, the accused had removed boxes containing two dozens of glasses from the company’s ground floor storeroom. He was charged of convicting theft. The principle of this case is that it is sufficient if the person had formed a dishonest intent ion and moves the property in order to such taking. Moreover, it is not necessary to move the property fully out of possession in order to commit theft. Having fulfilled all the five elements under section 378 of the Penal Code, the accused then can be held liable for committing theft. Section 379 of the Penal Code further provides the punishment for theft, whereby one can be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years or with fine or both. It further adds that for a second or subsequent offence, one shall be punished with imprisonment and also be liable to fine or whipping. The question to be asked is whether the offence of â€Å"snatch theft† can fall under the offence of â€Å"theft† under section 378 of the Penal Code. It seems like it is insufficient as when snatch theft is committed, there will be the element of force on the person who is being snatched, whereas the elements of theft are more mild in the sense that there is nothing in the provision states that there is a use of force or further may result to a more critical situation such as death. Thus, this will make the punishment for theft does not suit the offence of snatch theft. Snatch theft as being said earlier can cause injury to the other person and it can even come to the extent of causing death to the other person. Besides that, there also should be an element of force. These elements seem do not present in the elements of theft. Thus, we submit that the offence of â€Å"theft† does not sufficiently address the offence snatch theft as snatch theft is more serious and causes more severe injury as compared to theft. Having discussed the elements of â€Å"theft†, we will go into details the offence of â€Å"robbery† in order to come to the conclusion of whether or not it is sufficiently address the offence of snatch theft. Section 390 of the Penal Code which is regarding the offence of â€Å"robbery† will be analyzed. Clause (1) of the said provision states that in all robbery there is either theft or extortion. In other words, for the offence of robbery to arise, either the two main elements, which are theft or extortion has to exist. Section 390(2) states that theft is â€Å"robbery† if, in order to commit theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death, or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint. Section 390(3) defines extortion as robbery, if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted. In other words, robbery is theft or extortion in an aggravated form. Hence, the elements of theft or extortion must be present in addition to the aggravated circumstances set out in robbery. Section 390 provides for the circumstances when theft constitutes robbery. The words â€Å"for that end† in section 390 must relate to the commission of theft. Hence where an assault has no relation to the theft, robbery is not committed. If, for example, the accused first assaulted the complainant and then subsequently formed an intention to take his watch, he cannot be liable for robbery but only for theft. The crucial point under the offence of robbery is to determine the meaning of the word â€Å"for that end†. The force or threat of force must be for the purpose of committing theft and carrying away the property. In Karuppa Gounden, it was held that â€Å"the word ‘for that end’ in section 390, Penal Code, cannot be read as meaning in those circumstances†. It was held by the Lahore Court in Karmun that, â€Å"†¦before a person can be convicted of robbery the prosecution must prove that hurt was caused in order to the committing of the theft or in committing the theft or in carrying away or attempting to carry away the property obtained by the theft. The hurt contemplated must be a conscious and voluntary act on the part of the thief for the purpose of overpowering resistance on the part of the victim, quite separate and distinct from the act of theft itself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the other case of Bishambhar Nath v. Emperor AIR, the principle is that in order to commit theft of the cash or in committing the theft of cash for carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the accused for the theft voluntarily caused or attempted to cause hurt. The word â€Å"for that end† clearly means that the hurt caused by the offender must be with the express object of facilitating the commission of theft or hurt must be caused while the offender was committing theft or in carrying away or in attempting to carry away the property obtained by the theft. It does not mean that the assault or hurt must be caused in the same transaction or in the same circumstances. In Nga Po Thet, the essence of robbery is that the offender must cause death, hurt or wrongful restraint or fear of death, hurt or wrongful restraint in the commission of theft or in carrying away the property obtained by theft. The punishment for robbery is stated in section 392 of the Penal Code, whereby it shall be punished for a term which may extend to ten years and shall be liable to fine. In addition, if the robbery is committed between sunset and sunrise, the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years and shall also be liable to fine or whipping. From the discussion of robbery as in section 390 of the Penal Code, the offence of robbery seems to satisfy some elements of snatch theft. As what has been said earlier, the offence of snatch theft involves the elements of force and the consequences of the act will lead to a severe injury to the victim and sometimes it may lead to death of the victim. In fact, section 390 is being used for the time being as to replace the offence of snatch theft which is not in the Penal Code yet. This shows that snatch theft is very dangerous to the public at large as the offence is nearly similar to the elements of the offence of robbery under section 390. The punishment for snatch theft is as the same as the punishment for robbery under section 392. This again proves that snatch theft is a serious crime. However, we strongly think that there must be an element of force in snatch theft. This is because when a person snatches another person’s handbag, there is an existence of force used against the other person. This is because, when a person wants to grab the other person’s bag, it will happen fast. When this happens, the other person will be hurt and injured as there is force used against him or her. In other words, force and hurt will tend to exist simultaneously when a person commits the offence of snatch theft. In the current situation, the Deputy Internal Security Affairs Minister Datuk Noh Omar has clarified in Parliament that the Police, since early 2004, had resorted to using the Emergency Ordinance (Crime Prevention & Public Safety) 1969 against snatch thieves â€Å"if the Police is convinced that the suspects had committed the offence†. Under the Ordinance, those suspected may be held for sixty days after which the Internal Security Minister could decide to detain them for up to two years without trial. The Deputy Internal Security Affairs Minister further clarified that the Police would also charge snatch thieves under sections 392, 394 and 397 of the Penal Code, which allows for caning, jail terms (up to twenty years if armed, under section 394), apart from imposing fines. This last step is in line with the suggestions of another politician, Karpal Singh, who called for amendments to sections 392 and 394 of the Penal Code to impose mandatory whipping of not less than six stro kes. It was also the suggestion of Wong Sulong in his Editorial in The Star on June 15th, 2004. Since there is still no laws imposed on snatch theft, it is to be tabled in the year 2005. The Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department, Datuk Mohd Radzi Sheikh Ahmad said a Bill dealing specifically with snatch theft offences would be tabled in Parliament in July, 2005. He added that, under the new law, the offenders could be imprisoned between seven and twenty years and whipping could be included as part of the punishment. Currently in the Penal Code, there is no special provision for snatch theft besides the separate charges for theft and robbery, which carry a maximum jail sentence of seven and twenty years respectively. He further added that the law would be effective by the end of the year 2005 if everything goes smoothly. The need of having a special law for snatch theft is due to the many reported cases of victims being killed or seriously injured. This shows that the offence of snatch theft is indeed a serious crime.

11 High-Paying Jobs with High Job Satisfaction

11 High-Paying Jobs with High Job Satisfaction You hear a lot about the â€Å"American dream,† and although it ultimately means something different to everyone, there tend to be some common themes: making money doing something you find satisfying/fulfilling/enjoyable. No career is going to be all sunshine and flowers all the time- no matter what you do, or how much you love your job, there will be lousy days, and days where you just don’t want to go to work. But on the whole, if you know you’re doing something satisfying and are making a solid amount of money doing it, you’re doing pretty well. So what are these fields that have high satisfaction coupled with high paychecks? The folks at PayScale have done a survey to help illuminate this magic career intersection. Let’s look at 11 of their top high satisfaction, high pay jobs.Radiation TherapistHealthcare careers rate pretty highly on this list, especially the more skilled positions. In medicine or healthcare, you have pretty clear outcomes- if you’ve helped treat someone or helped them to recover from an illness or injury, that’s a pretty clear reward. Radiation therapists treat cancer and other diseases with the use of radiation treatments and equipment.Education needed: Associate’s degree or Bachelor’s degree, plus licensing or certification in most statesMedian salary: $80,220Satisfaction rate: 86%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 14% by 2024 (significantly faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsEducation Administrator (Elementary, Middle, and High School)If, like Whitney Houston, you believe that children are our future, becoming a school administrator is a job that pays well and gives a high personal sense of accomplishment and difference-making. School administrators (often principals or other executive roles) are responsible for managing all school operations- daily activities, faculty and staff, curricula, safety, budgets, etc. It’s a role th at carries a lot of responsibility, and often requires a tough-but-fair persona to make sure that everything is running smoothly, safely, and productively for students.Education needed: Master’s degreeMedian salary: $90,410Satisfaction rate: 88%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 6% by 2024 (about average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPhysical TherapistPhysical therapists take an active role in helping patients recover from illness or injury, as well as improve movement and manage pain/symptoms. These professionals focus on helping people regain range of motion, and the kinds of skills they need to cope with everyday activities. Physical therapists don’t spend their days behind a desk- they’re usually found working directly with patients. Physical therapists work in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and public health facilities.Education needed: Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT), plus licensing (which is currently required in all state s)Median salary: $84,020Satisfaction rate: 79%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 34% by 2024 (way faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPediatricianProfessionals who work with kids tend to report high job satisfaction in general, especially if they are actively helping children. Not all of these rewarding careers are high-paying, though- for example, child social workers report very high satisfaction with their jobs, but earn a median income of $33,900. For a career path that is highly rated and high-paying, consider going into pediatric medicine. Pediatricians are physicians that exclusively treat children, ranging from infants to adolescents. They work in hospitals, clinics, or other healthcare facilities.Education needed: Medical DoctorateMedian salary: $149,000Satisfaction rate: 89%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 14% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsAudiologistIf you’ve ever se en those viral videos where little kids with hearing disabilities hear something (a parent’s voice, music, animal sounds) for the first time, you may not have noticed the medical professional close by. (Or, if you’re like me, you may not have noticed anything, because you were sniffling too hard while pretending not to be crying at your desk.) The person you don’t always see- but is almost always present- in those moments is an audiologist, whose work with the patient helped enable him or her to hear better. Audiologists work in hospitals, clinics, or healthcare facilities to diagnose, manage, and treat a patient’s hearing, balance, or ear problems.Education needed: Doctorate or professional degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $74,890Satisfaction rate: 70%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 29% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsOccupational Therapist Assista ntsOccupational therapists work as part of a care team (and usually under the direction of an occupational therapist) to help patients develop or recover the skills they need to live and work every day. Occupational therapist assistants are often the ones working most directly with patients, helping them move, walk, and learn how to perform work or personal care tasks after an injury or in coping with a chronic illness.Education needed: Associate’s degree or Bachelor’s degree, plus licensing or certification in most statesMedian salary: $54,520Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 40% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsOptometristMuch like the audiologists above, optometrists find great fulfillment in helping patients with another sense: sight, this time. Optometrists are Allied Health professionals who examine eyes, evaluate eye health, diagnose problems, prescribe glasses and contact lenses, and help treat eye diseases and injuries.Education needed: Doctorate or professional degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $103,900Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 27% by 2024 (much faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsDental HygienistDental hygienists often get the â€Å"bad cop† tasks in the dentist’s office, since they’re the ones who can tell you’re totally lying when you say you floss every single day, rain or shine. Yet despite that, they feel pretty happy about their career day-to-day satisfaction (79%), likely because they provide front-line dental care, and work with patients on follow up care to keep those choppers white and pearly. Dental hygienists clean teeth, evaluate signs of oral disease (like gingivitis), assist dentists during procedures, and educate patients on preventative and follow-up care.Education needed: Associate’s degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $72,330Satisfaction rate: 79%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 19% by 2024 (faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsArbitrator/MediatorIf you have strong negotiation skills and like the satisfaction of sealing a deal that works for all parties, then becoming an arbitrator/mediator might be right for you. These professionals basically broker agreements and resolve conflicts between parties by providing a neutral facilitator and keeping an open dialogue between the parties. Not everyone gets what they want, but the arbitrator him- or herself gets a career that offers satisfying resolutions to tricky problems.Education needed: Bachelor’s degree, with supplemental studies in conflict resolutionMedian salary: $58,020Satisfaction rate: 90%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 9% by 2024 (faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsPublic Relation s ManagerPublic relations managers thrive on public buzz, and making sure that their company, brand, or client is getting the right recognition with the target audience. Public relations professionals come up with campaigns, manage press relations, set messaging and branding, and work to maintain their brand’s public image. As the face or voice for a company or brand, it can be a demanding role, but receives high marks for overall job satisfaction.Education needed: Associate’s degree, plus licensing (which is currently required in all states)Median salary: $60,660Satisfaction rate: 73%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 7% by 2024 (about average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsMedical and Health Services ManagerMedical and health services managers, also known as healthcare managers, are part of the wave of growing healthcare jobs in general, and insurance-related jobs especially, as that technology and legal/insurance implications grow and change. These managers plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services in physicians’ offices, hospitals, agencies, or other healthcare settings.Education needed: Bachelor’s degreeMedian salary: $94,500Satisfaction rate: 81%Outlook: The field is likely to grow by at least 17% by 2024 (must faster than average), per the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsWhile these jobs may not have the million-dollar signing bonuses of your childhood baseball-playing dreams, or the glamour of your secret Oscar-winning aspirations, they’re career paths that are achievable (and realistic) if you’re able to put in the time, energy, and education to chase that high-paying, high-satisfaction job.