Chinese political culture Essay

The book CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE relates to political culture in significantly different ways from the approaches used in other books with similar content. This book touches on many aspects of Chinese political culture; as a result, reading the book gives one a better comprehension of China’s complexity. This collection of essays manages to achieve this aim without losing its unity. The first section of the book explores the modern transformation of Chinese traditional culture and its effect on contemporary political culture. It speaks to the complexity of the issue that the three essays do not agree on whether neo-Confucianism always provides the foundation on which contemporary Chinese political culture can rest. Kam Louie examines the role of Confucianism’s dichotomy between wen [man of letter] and wu [warrior] to emphasize continuities in the patriarchal nature of Chinese society. Roger Ames, from a different perspective, examines the continued relevance of Confucianism among intellectuals in his presentation of the creative use of Kant by noted scholars Mou Zongsan and Li Zehou in their effort to reassert the relevance of the Confucian heritage. Godwin Chu, however, shows that although there are striking continuities between the ways in which the concept of zhong [loyalty] was used in traditional China and during the Maoist period, the individual assertiveness he observes today marks a major break with the past. The second section of the book proceeds to socialization and observes official ideologies. The chapter on nationalism, by Edward Friedman, reminds us that despite the use of a sometimes strident nationalist rhetoric by its leaders, the existence of a Chinese â€Å"nation† protected by the Party-state remains a long way off, as evidenced by the inability of the government to establish institutions such as the welfare state. The chapter by Zhu Jianhua and Ke Huixin, which addresses the construction of Hong Kong in the minds of Chinese in Gungzhou and Shenzhen, suggests that despite greater exposure to a diversity of opinions, people living next door to Hong Kong still hold distorted views about that territory. Misra Kalpana’s chapter on the transition from neo-Maoism to neo-conservatism offers to explain this paradox. She argues that the state has successfully shed its orthodox Leninist ideology in favor of neo-conservative nationalism thanks to the recuperation of the neo-conservative discourses emerging in diverse milieus of society. Peter Moody addresses cynicism and indifference to politics in China in his chapter on anti-political tendencies. Moody also warns that the anti-political trends may end up tacitly endorsing the unjust, corrupt political system they claim to reject. The third section enriches these nuances with an additional layer of complexity, by looking into the different variants of Chinese political cultures found among different social strata and regions. Cheng Li looks at the emergence of pluralism among entrepreneurs; Alan Liu at provincial identities; Shih Chih-yu at elections in minority areas of the PRC and Taiwan; Tang Wenfang at religion in China and Taiwan; and ChuYun-han and Chang Yu-tzung at regime legitimacy in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, through the use of sophisticated survey techniques. This third part of the book may present less coherence, but the case studies succeed in illustrating the diversity of Chinese political culture. My only remark is about Liu’s assertion that Chinese on the mainland, as well as mainlanders living in Taiwan, are displaying lower levels of religiosity, and that higher degrees of modernization reduce religiosity. Not only does this conclusion contrast with most studies on religion in Taiwan, but the data contradicts this statement: Taiwan displays a higher degree of religiosity than China despite its greater degree of modernization. It is also necessary to note that the past two decades has been a period of remarkable growth in China, characterized by economic expansion and the opening of its society to the outside world. What has followed is a better life for many of its citizens. As a result, China supporters from outside its borders have become confident that economic and social progress will eventually lead to a more open political system and consequently more favourable investment conditions. Reference CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE: 1989-2000. Edited by Shiping Hua, foreword by Andrew J. Nathan. Armonk (New York), London (England): M. E. Sharpe. 2001. xv, 370 pp.

Overcomming Cultural Challanges Tyco Case Study

CHANGE AND TRANSFORMATION Student : Odirile MachaDate : 15 October 2012 | 1. Tyco Employees’ Frustration turnaround3 2. Tyco’s Strategy to Overcome Cultural Change barriers5 3. Tyco’s CEO: Rebuild corporate reputation: Message package to Employees8 4. Issues emerging in communicating change externally: Tyco Case10 5. Bibliography12 * Tyco Employees’ Frustration turnaround (Gerard & Teurfs 1995; Palmer et al. 009) urges that practice dialogue is commonly used combat issue of culture in an organization or community, the practice consist of four components defined: a) First rule, the participants must suspend the attachment to their own position and judgements regarding each other. This allows participants to be more accepting to others perspective. b) Second rule, participant must identify their underlying assumptions on the matter at hand. ) Third rule, participant must listen actively to each other; remain actively present during the sessions. d) Final rul e, participants must reflect in order to uncover deeper issues and create a profound level of understanding. Transformation of culture can be measured or realised, as urged by Gerard & Teurfs (1995), byatransformed participant behavior, by the morale or feeling with the organization and by the attitude of collaborations instead of individualism.The purpose of response to question seeks to establish: the similarities in between the approach taken by the Turnaround team and the practice of dialogue; and also evaluate the outcome inline with the perceived results of a transformed culture. These similaries between the Turnaround team’s approach and practice dialogue, categorized into three stages of using dialogue in problem solving , a view supported by Gerard & Teurfs (1995). Stage 1. Problem Identification (Gerard & Teurfs 1995; Palmer et al. 009) urges that the first stage seeks to identify problems early and assist the team in setting their priorities. a) The general assumpt ion made is that Breen was part of the Turnaround team, and the fact that he never commented about Kozlowski’s past behaviour, is in line with the first step of practice in dialogue, where the participant suspend the attachment to their own position and judgements regarding each other. b) The turnaround team (Breen), communicated in a letter to the employees and shareholders, Tyco’s commitment to reinvent its credibility and integrity.This message was all inclusive not directed to any particular individuals, and that qualifies to the second rule about assumptions about each other’s commitment. The problem was identified to be lack of credibility and integrity leading to frustration of employees at Tyco, which were centred on the ethical behaviour that existed during the last CEO’s tenure, which brought uncertainty to the future of the company. Stage 2. Problem Solving (Gerard & Teurfs, 1995; Palmer et al. 2009) urges that the second stage seeks to underst and the problem, generate solutions, and make decisions. a) The approach to communication, by the turnaround team, in defining Guide to ethical conduct of employees. Instead of defining just Code of ethics rules. The team built guides with illustrative which were meant to make the code easier to read and understand, this is in line with the third rule in dialogue, where the participant should remain active during the sessions, and absorb the messages consistently. ) The message was package in local languages across different cultures and delivered through meeting (â€Å"if you want to change the hearts people about their ethical behaviour, you must bring live to this document†), instead of sending the documents to all operations around the globe, the Turnaround team choose to deliver the message in meeting (face to face), to gain active participation and also get feedback on the assumptions the team made in line with the first and second rule. The turnaround team did make dec ision to changing the executive team and infrastructure related changes.The team also made a decision on the implementation approach. Stage 3. Implementation (Gerard & Teurfs, 1995; Palmer et al. , 2009) urges that the final stage seeks confirm that the group behind the change will support the final decision and be committed to it. a) The implementation was done in meetings, with the message packed in videos and corporate management making visits to Tyco sites, which is in line with the third rule for developing a profound understanding is achieved. b) Management site visits also build a profound understanding of issues in line with rule three.The fact that corporate manager visit site and dialogue issues with management brings a degree of trust, releasing a lot of frustration that the employees had. c) The implementation involved further training of 20,000 personnel, localising trainers who went further provide input further refinement of the massage blue print for targeted destina tion, these refinement were published, this is in line with rule two and three, on understanding problem and getting commitment. d) The organisation gained an improved Governance metrics of international rating from 1. in 2002 to 9. 0 in 2005, and was consider being the most dramatically improved. This improvement is in line with the third rulewhere the result demonstrates the team fully understood the problem and prescribed a fit solution. The Turnaround team were fully committed to the change and the results were observed to have a positive impact on the organisation as a whole. The outcome can be measured though positive energy on the employee as the managed to produce positive result in profits and improved ratings. Tyco’s Strategy to Overcome Cultural Change barriersGhemawat (2001) urges that distance from an area of comfort of doing business (base country) always has in impact on the overall strategy, and that the impact of distance on industry and product is based on t he country specific characteristic defined: a) Culture (C) covers different ethnicities, lack of connective ethnic or social networks; different religions and different social norms. b) Administrative (A) covers aabsence of colonial ties; absence of shared monetary or political association; Political hostility; government policies; institutional weakness. ) Geography (G) covers physical remoteness; lack of a common border; lack of sea or river access; size of country; weak transportation or communication links, differences in climates d) Economic (E) covers differences in consumer incomes differences in costs and quality of: natural resources, financial resources, human resources, infrastructure, intermediate inputs, and information or knowledge. Tyco’s global strategy will have to address these international issues, if they are compete internationally because challenges differ from one country to the next, a view shared by (Grant, 2010).The other part to this question, is to develop a strategy that will assist in overcoming cultural barrier that faced Tyco, Hill & Hernadez-Requejo (2011) urge the best way for a Tyco to deal with cultural bariers is to develop a Cross culture litetracy, use country specific input and use local content. Cross Culture literacy Hill & Hernadez-Requejo (2011) urges that for international company to succeed in doing what they do, they must adapt to conform with the value system and norm of that culture.The adaptation must cover the following: ways of dealing with negotiation, incentive pay system, organisation structure, products naming, labor and management relations and product promotion concepts to avoid cultural conflicts associated with cultural differences (Hill & Hernadez-Requejo 2011). International companies in other countries, must learn more about the countries and cultural values (Hofstede, 1980; House et al. , 2004), and how these will affect their business.Tyco’s strategy to overcome culture barriers hin ges on understanding the cultural values and differences that exist in each country, and (discovered that these values are deeply embedded in people who work in these organisation. (Hofstede, 1980) confirms that values are held the moral behaviour of people and how they ultimately perform in their organisations. The strategy seeks understand the values identified by (Hofstede, 1980): Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance; Masculinity vs. Femininity; Individualism vs. Collectivism; Long vs.Short Term Orientation; and then identify the mis-alignments and adapt to the new cultural values without compromising the organization value system, a view by Hill & Hernadez-Requejo (2011). a) Power Distance Local Manager should be equipped to with the relevant skills to handle prevent, guard against and deal with issues influence by socioecomic status and power that may exist in the community within which Tyco operates, a view supported by Hill & Hernadez-Requejo (2011), to ensure that organisat ion key objectives are met. b) Masculinity vs. FemininityLocal manager should be empowered to align that the organization observes community or individual values governing the gender based differentiation in masculine based country and the contrary, a view confirmed by Hill & Hernadez-Requejo (2011), to ensure that organisation key objectives are not compromised. c) Individualism vs. Collectivism Local Manager should be empower to align that the organization observes community or individual values governing collectiveness society where family ties are strong to an extent where employee cannot be separated with their families and conform where possible and the contrary should be observed. ) Uncertainty Avoidance Local Manager should be empower to align that the organization observes community or individual values associated how they view uncertainty and ensure proactive communication to avoid instance of uncertainty that may affect corporate objectives. e) Long vs. Short Term Orienta tion Local Manager should be empower to align that the organization observes community or individual values to stay in the same job for short or long term, and make sure the build contingencies that are cost efficient for the organization.The strategies must be broken down into initiatives that can be easily followed and delivered, with proper measures and timeline, a view by Palmer et al. (2009). Tyco’s CEO: Rebuild corporate reputation: Message package to Employees Corporate reputation defines, how the organisations perceived by all its internal and external stakeholders and it is always linked with trust and credibility, a view shared by Grates (2005), who further confirms that a loss in the company (Tyco) trust and credibility destroys its reputation and is difficult to restore.The current situation at Tyco, with the former CEO on trial, has lowered the reputation of company. According to (Collin 2001; Hughes et al 2012), it take a long time for a company to build its rep utation, through delivery of sustainable proof before the stake holders can endorse it as a positive reputation. The crisis situation that Tyco is in, have been identified and there reputational issues that needs to be managed to avoid further damage.There is an immediate need to communicate with, internal and external stakeholder, and the message content should contain the following as guided by [Reputation-Risk of risks: Economist Intelligent Unit]: * Concerns – As the CEO,I have to communicate and acknowledge the challenges that Tyco is faced with; own up to what has gone wrong; and express regret and concern, a view supported by Palmer et al (2009). * Commitment – As the CEO, I have to communicate a plan to fix this problem and share in detail an action plan with clear timelines, a view supported by Palmer et al (2009). Control – As the CEO, I must demonstrate that we are in control of the situation and that we are liaising with the relevant authorities invo lved to bring the situation under control a view supported by Palmer et al (2009). It is imperative, as the CEO, to break news earlier to employees and keys stakeholder [Reputation-Risk of risks: Economist Intelligent Unit], before the other sources share information that is ambiguous and could shake up the stakeholder and affect the companies operation.It is however important to also acknowledge indeed some business operation and resource will be affected and also provide a medium that could be used by also sources to provide feedback. Any questions that are asked must be responded to consistently with the message shared by the CEO. As the CEO, it is important to step back and reflect on my personal reputation and professional conduct, are tightly tied to the reputation of the company. The decision made should be consistent, as confirmed by [Reputation-Risk of risks: Economist Intelligent Unit], with the messages that are being put across as the turnaround strategy.There should be transparency on actions taken, as confirmed by [Reputation-Risk of risks: Economist Intelligent Unit] that affect people, and information about plans should be share promptly. Palmer et al (2009) urge that it is within and through communication that changes occurs and as the CEO, it is ideal to explore the change methodologies that are effective for internal communication with staff. There are four types of change approaches, which can be used draw up the speech acts as defined by Palmer et al. (2009): Initiative conversation – this focuses on the need for change depending on the situation, in the event that something has happened already or before it occurs. In the case of Tyco, the initiative would be based on what the organisation seeks to undertake to address the problems that have been identified. The message will contain assertions (what need to be in aligned with governance issues), request (to establish reforms to achieve objective) and declaration message (about new targets) going forward: * Conversation for understanding – meant to provide employees with greater appreciation of change issues and problem areas.The conversation would seek to establish on clarity solution proposed to target the challenges and beyond. * Conversation for performance – focuses on producing the actual change required, at Tyco, this would be the time to implement all the promises Tyco committed to deliver on aligned to the plan shared with stake holders. * Conversation for closure- is an indication of the completion of the actual change, this is where acknowledgements are made to deserving participants, and rewards are disclosed ad celebration ensued.The CEO cannot carry out all these activities on his own but requires to have people with the right skills in the right jobs, people with the attitude to lead the change and these people have to be carefully selected a view by (Collin 2001; Hughes et al 2012). The CEO still remain accountable but provide gui dance in direction to ensure that what is delivered is consistent with the commitments made. Issues emerging in communicating change externally: Tyco Case Palmer et al. 2009) urges that external oriented communication can be categorised into two parts: communication with external stakeholder that relates to internal organisation changes; and where there is need to handle a crisis situation. In Tyco case is more associated with the crisis situation and the communication was done with a letter to internal and external stakeholders, and the message promoted credibility; integrity; and promoted a culture of accountability, the question seek to find out how effective communication was to external stakeholders.Palmer et al. (2009) urge external communication is different from internal communication is a number of respects, it address issues relating to: justification decision made; assurance over an allegation made; downplaying statements made (concealment) ,or reassurance that matter are under control. Issue emerging from the case: a) Hiring a new CEO, is a also consider a major event in rebuilding the reputation of Tyco, that required external communication. [The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller] ) The Tyco letter Breen spoke to reassurance and commitment to change. The message was carefully crafted because at the time there was not much to give out, as the trial was still on-going. The message seek to reassure the employees and shareholders that; Breen and his team were committed to addressing issues relating to credibility of the corporation internal and external stakeholder but is does not layout the intervention and the time it will take to restore the integrity.There was no apology from the CEO about recent bad publicity; it is as if nothing major has happened at least resentment would have been enough. [The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller] c) The changes done at board and executive level were fitting of external communication esp ecially the appointments new executive members and board, because reputation issues affecting Tyco, were more to deal with the CEO’s leadership and board and between the two they are both responsible for the wellbeing of the organisations reputation. The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller] d) Guideline developed for internal employees relating to interaction with suppliers and partners would have been something that worth external communication, this was a good initiative as it commits Tyco to a good corporate principle. [The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller] e) The fact that Tyco, consider best practice models Sigma, was the right move as it demonstrated Tyco’s desire to improve the corporate performance, this move was worth sharing externally if it does not compromise their competitiveness. ) The fact that Tyco, consider engage in an audit and the performance rating was improved dramatically, it was worth going public on the results, this su rely is some reputation builder according to [The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller], and this was worth acknowledging and celebrating. g) The fact that the turnaround of Tyco, was well completed within five years and that the corporation managed to payout dividends worth 2. 09 billion, was not communicated externally well enough, but it some positive development for the shareholder.The corporate media for public communication and information sharing were not well explored [The road to reputation recovery: Burson-Marsteller] Bibliography Busson-Marsteller (2009). The road to reputation recovery. [Online] Available from :< http://www. CEOgo. com/documents/RR_01_10_05. pdf >[Accessed 13 October 2012]. Economist Intelligent Unit, the (2005). Reputation: Risk of risks [Online] Available from :< http://www. eiu. com/report_dl. asp? mode=fi&fi=1552294140. PDF&rf=0>[Accessed 13 October 2012]. Gerard G. & Teurfs L. (1995). Dialogue and Organizational transformations†, in community spirit: Renewing Spirit and Learning in Business, Kazimerz Gozdz. San Francisco: New Leader Press. pp. 143-53. Ghemawat, P. (2001) Distance Still Matters: The Hard reality of Global Expansions. Harvard Business Review, 79 (8), pp. 137 -147. Grant R. M. (2010). Contemporary Strategy Analysis. 7 ed. United Kingdom. Wiley and Sons. Grates F. G. (2005). Hold on tight:  The Reputational Pull of the Automotive Industry. [Online]. Available from: < www. instituteforpr. org/downloads/330> [Accessed 13 October 2012].Hill, C. W. L & Hernadez-Requejo, W. (2011). Global Business Today. New York, McGraw Hill/Irwin. Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA. Hughes , L. R. , Ginnett, C. R. , Curphy, J. G. (2012). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of Experience. 7th Ed. Singapore, McGraw-Hill companies. Palmer I, Dunford R & Akin G. (2009) Managing Organization Change: A multiple perspective approach. 2nd ED Boston, McGraw Hill International. Elsevier LTD.

Big Family

Coming from a big family I am used to speaking over someone else in order to be heard, laughing loudly to express my happiness, and sitting at the dinner table eating delicious food cooked my grandmother. Because the majority of my life is spent with my mouth open, sometimes even when I sleep at night, I want to be an orthodontist.I contemplated on the possible careers I would pursue in the future, but could not think of one that would fulfill me as an individual. I thought about what I enjoyed doing the most, or what I often found myself doing-smiling. I love smiling, and love making other people smile, and there is no better way to express your happiness than by showing off your pearly whites. There are many individuals who ashamed of their teeth, refuse to smile or cover their mouth when they do. I want to be able to help them with this problem, especially children because the world always looks brighter behind a smile. In order to be fully prepared to become an orthodontist, and after browsing over the variety of courses offered at Boston University, I was interested in the pre-dentistry program offered at the College of Arts and Science. After viewing pictures and reading about the curriculum, I was convinced that Boston University would indulge me with a variety of knowledge in the liberal arts, and allow me to concentrate in science and pre-dentistry. I want to receive top quality education because one day I want to be able to fulfill my dream of having my own dental clinic and know that BU prepared me for it.

Monaco grand prix economic impacts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monaco grand prix economic impacts - Essay Example They are typically organized by variable combination of national governmental and international non-governmental organizations (Sylt and Reid, 2010).† The Monaco Grand prix has great economical impacts; first and foremost it leads to technological development of mass communication especially satellite television. This development means that revenues from television to host the events increase overwhelmingly. The television rights are sold very highly like the rights to host Olympic games in 2000 in Sidney was over US$1 billion (Sylt and Reid, 2010). There is also a lot of corporate sponsorship which provide huge sums of money to the host countries. The event is also useful in marketing products and showcasing various country attractions hence attracting tourism and foreign investments. This event is one of the most significant events ready to transform the country. This leads to an increase in the volumes of tourists who come to the event for various reasons (Sharkey, 2011). In return, the huge visitor or tourist volumes increase the revenue received from the tourist and hence boosts the local trade. To host such an event, a lot of marketing and publicity has to be done, this leads to the host country being known world wide and having a positive image which in return boost tourism even during the non pick periods (Sharkey, 2011). Hosting such a mega event gives the host country a chance to be put on the world map, by providing significant exposure to the world. They serve as a platform to show the cultural, economical and political power of the host. By hosting such a significant event it shows that the country has entered the international scene as a major figure. This has been the case for countries like Singapole, Japan which hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup, South Korea etc which little was known about them but after hosting sporting events their economies emerged and the political status became known

Oedipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oedipus the King - Essay Example A true hero is characterized by his emotional strength. Analysis of Oedipus suggests that Oedipus was a true as well as tragic hero. Human experience tells that a responsible king strives hard for the peace of the nation. In the start of the play, Oedipus takes all measures in the capacity of the King of Thebes to protect his people from the plague that has caught them. He not only provides everything that his people need, but also makes sure that they stay in good health. Therefore he sends Creon to the house of Apollo to seek the oracle’s advice. This is expected of a responsible king. Then to find Laius’s murderer, Oedipus seeks advice from the Chorus and hence approaches Teiresias for help. The fact that Oedipus consults the Chorus regarding the way he should proceed with the investigation speaks of the value he gives to his people and immense confidence that he places in them. People feel honored when they have been consulted by the ruler before he makes important decisions. Human experience tells that subordinates’ morale is vital to the success of any system, be that as small as an organizational setup or as large as a country. Oedipus cares a lot for his people, and involves them in the decision making. By doing this, he provides another proof of being a people’s property. ... He would go to any length to provide his people with a safe environment to live in. His efforts to search for the cure of plague, his involvement of the public in decision making and his dare to know the truth despite having been warned make Oedipus a hero. Oedipus has no other way but to suspect that there has been a deal between Teirasias and Creon. He fully believes that Creon is the traitor and yet he lets go of him when his wife and the Chorus plead him to be open-minded. Such generosity and forgiveness can be expected of nobody else but a hero. This potentially means that Oedipus forgives a person that insults him overtly in front of the whole public and for something, that Oedipus has not even done. Oedipus was in power. He could have got Creon as well as Teirasias killed for their act. Even a king who has actually done all the crimes Teirasias accused Oedipus of would not spare Teirasias and Creon for bringing this secret in the public eye, but Oedipus was kind enough to let go of them when he was actually innocent! Oedipus also knows what forgiving Creon means. Creon says to the Chorus, â€Å"I would have you know that this request of yours really requests my death or banishment†¦Well, let go him then – if I must die ten times for it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Sophocles and Grene, line 669). There is little wonder he does so because heroes do that! Oedipus has sufficient evidence to believe what Teirasias said. He had killed a stranger at a place where three roads met. He could tell that Jocasta was talking about the very stranger as she mentioned some identity marks for Laius. He also knows that his ankles are pierced. All of these together with an oracle’s prediction that Oedipus would kill his own father and marry his own mother before he left his hometown

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Racism - Essay Example This study is done because of such difference in physical location (Donaldson & Karen 37). Anthropology also studies various human races to help them determine how their lifestyle is connected to their past in relation to communication, culture and behaviors. Throughout scientific studies, there has been no proof of biological differences among individual because of race, it should be noted that all human are equal irrespective of their skin color, language, religion and culture. Scientific researchs shows that race is just a social aspect that has nothing to do with our biological and genetic origin. Race, according to various human activists, should not be the reason why certain individuals are looked upon as less human in our institutions and within the larger community. We should all start to look at one another in a different perspective because of the important things that we have learnt through them. Everyone should take it as a personal initiative to promote the spirit of togetherness to enable us make the world a better place for each

World Tourism Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

World Tourism Organization - Essay Example The relevance of this Blueprint for New Tourism is very significant in the struggle to boost tourism and recreation, which in effect boosts the jobs and economies of many nations across the globe. Jean-Claude Baumgarten, President of the WTTC, said, "There is now a new consciousness amongst governments that they cannot leave the growth of Travel & Tourism to chance. What is needed is a new vision and strategy involving a partnership between all stakeholders - public and private to turn future challenges into opportunities. The Blueprint for New Tourism spells out how that can be achieved" (Tarsh 2003). "WTTC's latest projection for the industry is that a quarter of a billion people will work in Travel & Tourism worldwide by the end of the decade, with the prospect of sustainable growth in to the future. This projection is supported by WTTC's latest economic research that indicates consistent growth, at 4.6% pa, over the coming decade" (2003). "The strategic importance of Travel & Tourism to our economy can not be underestimated. I am fully supportive of the Blueprint for New Tourism and am delighted to have the opportunity of talking to so many of the industry's top people about how we can respond to the challenge" (Tarsh 2003). Mr. Mr. Correia da Silva's statement is very correct in calling the achievement of such goals a "challenge". The Blueprint is noble and seems efficient, but turning it into a reality from this idea will take a lot more ideas just like this one before anything close to perfection is realized. World Summit on Sustainable Development This is another plan, similar to the blueprint, that is designed to do the same thing, increase tourism, and make sure that tourism is environmentally safe, but profitable. The following comes from the World Summit on Sustainable Development's Plan of Implementation, "Promote sustainable tourism development, including non-consumptive and eco-tourism, taking into account the spirit of the International Year of Eco-tourism 2002, of the United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage in 2002, and of the World Eco-tourism Summit 2002 and its Quebec Declaration, and of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism as adopted by the World Tourism Organization, in order to increase the benefits from tourism resources for the population in host communities while maintaining the cultural and

Challenges in Hiring Talent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Challenges in Hiring Talent - Research Paper Example Prince (25), states that there has been a 10 % decline in the average quality of a worker since 2004. This has prompted companies to redouble efforts aimed at hiring the best candidates for the job at whatever cost. Between 1946 and 1964, America experienced massive economic growth that triggered the emergence of more companies and the increase in profitability of businesses in the country (Yates 47). During this time, a new breed of talented and driven managers, entrepreneurs and personnel also emerged, supported by the emergence of ‘baby boomers’ that propagated economic growth and increase in population. The last decade has seen the retirement of a large percentage of these individuals, and a large vacuum has been left that may not be filled as soon as is expected. Businesses have therefore found it paramount to ‘fish’ for the best and most qualified people by employing whatever means necessary to make them a part of their vision. Apart from a decline in the quality of workers available and the shrinking of the pool from which companies used to draw their workers, there has been a great shift in the type of individuals required in the workplace. Between 1946 and 1964, there was a massive increase in manufacturing, spurred by an increase in demand for industrial products and goods (Gilmore 34). A lot of emphasis was therefore laced on the need for workers who could support the manufacturing process, and this called for individuals who mainly had to follow procedures and carry out instructions as required. Little reasoning and judgment was required in these types of jobs that can also be referred to as transactional or transformational. A change in needs, priorities and focus has left companies with no option but to scout for intelligent and clear-thinking people who can make decisions on their own and come up with solutions to problems without relying on their seniors. These types of workers are also good team players who are capable of working with other employees for the benefit of the company (Noe 76). This can be attributed to the emergence of a new type of jobs that are classified under the tacit category, in which intellectual capability and contribution is preferred over physical labor. Question 2: Incentives (apart from salary) that a Company may use to Encourage a Prospective Employee to Accept a Job Offer With the changes taking place in the workplace, companies appreciate the fact that better or higher remuneration is no longer sufficient when looking to hire employees. Other factors have now been found to play a huge role in the ability of a company to not only hire but also retain the best workers (Hunt 59). These factors include opportunities for growth, good working conditions, good moral and ethical values and an appreciation of current and prospective employees. Employees need to know that they can grow in a company and become better at what they do. Nobody wants to work for 10 years in the sam e position when there are other avenues for growth elsewhere. For instance, I may be paid $100,000 a year to head the sales and marketing department in a company, but I may not be willing to remain in the same position (especially if I deserve to be promoted). If a sales representative rises to be my deputy and I am still holding the same position I have had for the last 10 years then I am not growing on my job. The salary may be attractive but growth is more important. When hiring

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Paraphrase - Essay Example This was basically used in the experiment as the components are easy to control and manipulate due to the less number of parameters. Also the various parameters that will be controlled are as follows. Firstly, the damping time constant where there is an amplitude drop of half of the height. Secondly, the period length and finally the signal level attenuation. It is essential to also note that the single level attenuation is dependent on the total number of uses of the periods. The main reason for the use of ‘dampened sinusoids’ rather than the sinusoids that have been used in previous research is the following. The dampened sinusoids have been noted to be similar to the single pulse resonance sounds. This has been used in the past for communication by a number of animals and thus it plays a very important role in this research. Since the sound of the single dampened sinusoid is similar to that of one cycle of a vowel, thus the close resemblance to the natural sounds has been used in the research. The benefits of it are numerous and it has been noted that the control is also relatively easier. It will also be interesting to note that this is the only study which used stimuli with a wavelength shorter than one period and also with an increased length in the scale of the logarithm, with almost sixteen periods of the

Leadership Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership Interview - Essay Example We kept in touch through email, and that is how I contacted them for the interview. X gave me a recommendation on my resume last year, and it was very complimentary. With X, though, you never think that she is giving a compliment just to be nice. There is something very real and genuine about her leadership, and although she didn’t say as much during the interview, I suspect it’s because X doesn’t view nursing leadership as a role to play like an actor: she is just herself, and it works. â€Å"Whereas traditional authority clearly is inherently conservative, the rise of a charismatic leader may well change.† (Ritzer, p. 129). X is not a very conservative leader. In defining effective leadership, there is the problem of defining universal traits in relation to an organizational environment that is built primarily on the differentiation of individuals. That is, research regarding leadership strategies may show that there is no one clear set of characteristics that defines people-oriented leadership like the kind used by X, because there is so much variance in individuals. â€Å"There are no universal traits that predict leadership in all situations. Rather, traits appear to predict leadership in selective situations. Traits predict behavior more in weak situations than in strong situations† (Robbins, 2003, p. 315). X tends to be charismatic and use her naturally attractive personality to get along with clients and coworkers in her position as a nursing leader. This puts a â€Å"fresh spin on the issues, engendering a feeling of hope and even reverence in the charismatic leader’s followers and the public. Innovations and changes intended to improve patient outcomes. These same technological advances require nurses to demonstrate knowledge† (Dawes, 2000). One point that X made during the interview was that technology has changed since we were coworkers, and she stated that it was more important than ever for nurses to be

Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Transcendentalism was a literary movement that began in the beginning of the 1800s and lasted up until the Civil War. Ralph Waldo Emerson was a man whose views on life and the universe were intriguing and influential. Emerson, along with other great men, helped to mold what Transcendentalism was and what it was to become. Without these men, Transcendentalism would not have been anything. Nor would these men have been anything without this concept. So what is Transcendentalism anyway and how have mens thoughts and outlooks been able make it what it is remembered as? Transcendentalism was prominent in the cultural life of the U. S. , especially in New England from 1836 to until just before the Civil War. The Revolutionary war had ended shortly before the time of Transcendentalism; therefore, Emerson had been influenced by its affects and had shared his thoughts about war in his writings. At the age of twelve, Emerson wrote Fair Peace and Triumph blooms on golden wings, and War no more pf all his victories sings (Way to Peace 2). He viewed war as being unnecessary and in his eyes, the soul has no enemies and rises above all conflicts. He thought soldiers to be ridiculous and war to Abhorrent to all reason (Way to Peace 2), and against human progress. Basically he was against all war and his views on war were apparent in his writings. Even though he thought that the Civil War was good because it was trying to stop the evils of slavery, he detested the lack of freedom during the war, and he vowed that if martial law came to Concord, that he would disobey it or move away. These events developed Transcendentalism though Emersons views and writings on war (Way to Peace 1-2). Transcendentalism in America centered in Concord and Boston. The philosophy came from many different beliefs and peoples thoughts and outlooks. Emerson was a huge person whose beliefs greatly influenced how transcendentalism evolved. Around the year 0f 1836, a discussion group was formed in New England called the Transcendental Club. It met at various members houses and it included Emerson, Bronson Alcott, Frederick Henry Hedge, W. E. Channing and W. H. Channing, Theodore Parker, Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Peabody, George Ripley, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Thoreau, and Jones Very. From 1840 to 1844, a quarterly newspaper printed their early essays, poems, and reviews (Abrams, 215-216). Emersons transcendentalism is an idealist philosophy that was derived from Kants concept of the Tran scendental. According to his understanding of Kant, transcendentalism becomes a union of solipsism under which the only verifiable reality is thought to be self. It also comes from materialism in which the only verifiable reality is thought to be quantifiable outside world of objects, and sense data. Through this fusion, transcendentalism was transported to America as a philosophy. Through his source of most of its poetry and mysticism, Emerson fostered the growth of transcendentalism of the New England variant. His ideas, which came from Kant, were taken from the German philosopher Immanuel Kant whose ideas of the universe and soul were very intriguing. He believed in transcendental knowledge but confined it to things such as time, space, quantity and casualty, which in his views were imposed by the perception of human minds. He regarded these aspects as the universal sense experience. Emerson, however, extended this concept of transcendental knowledge to include moral and other truths that go beyond the limits of the human sense experience, which Kant had specifically denied. Besides Kant, other intellectual predecessors of American Transcendentalism are very diverse and few, but include post-Kantian German Idealists, the English thinkers Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Thomas Carlyle (who were also exponents of German Idealism), Plato, Neoplatonists, the occult Swedish theologian Emmanuel Swedenborg, and some varieties of Oriental philosophies (Abrams 216). Basically, Transcendentalism was about promoting peace and developing the mind and soul. Also, it was about sharing your views on what was wrong with the world and how it could be fixed. William Ellery Channing was a forerunner of the Transcendentalists and preached against war and was active in the peace movement that began in 1815 when Noah Worcester founded the Massachusetts Peace Society, the first influential peace society in the world. Channing wrote about the miseries and crimes of war, their causes and some possible remedies. In addition to the suffering and destruction he points out that war corrupts the morals of society and gives the government dangerous powers. Channing preached in Boston from 1803 until his death and was praised by Emerson above all other ministers. The sources of war which Channing wrote of are the human propensity for excitement, the lust for power, admiration for warlike deeds, false patriotism, and the upbringing and education which glamorizes military exploits. He also sees the remedies as well as the causes to be of a moral nature. He believes we must honor our rulers and nations fro their justice, goodwill, and educational institutions not for their foreign conquests. He thought that we must also admire heroes for their conscience, human rights, and the ones who bring peace and freedom. He believed that the peace teachings of Christians ought to be emphasized. He warned that the attitude of rulers and nations of foreign states, which is usually partial and unjust, should show us that war is rarely just or unnecessary. He advised Christians to refuse war and if necessary, submit to prison or execution in an attempt for peace (Way to Peace 1-2). James Freeman Clarke once dubbed the transcendentalists the club of the likeminded; I suppose because no two of us think alike (American Literary Movements 1). But despite the disagreement among transcendentalists themselves, the overall movement shared similar philosophies. These philosophies rested on the Slockean concept of Idealism and Kants belief in intuition. In other words, transcendentalism opposed empiricism, which is gaining knowledge from experience. Physical world observations were only appearances of reflections of the spirit. One should learn of the spiritual world through reason alone, thus guiding them towards the ultimate goal, Absolute Truth (American Transcendentalism1 1). All of the Transcendentalists had more in common with what they reacted against rather than what they proposed. They were opposed to rigid rationalism; to the eighteenth-century empirical philosophy of the school of John Locke which derived all of its knowledge by sense impressions; by highly formalized religions, and especially the Calvinist orthodoxy of New England; and to the social conformity, materialism, and commercialism that they found increasingly prominent in American life. The counter-views that were affirmed by Transcendentalists, especially Emerson include confidence in the validity of knowledge which is tied in with feeling and intuition, and an ethics of individualism that stressed self trust, self-reliance, and self sufficiency (Abrams 216). Transcendentalism cannot be properly understood outside the context of Unitarianism, the dominant religion in Boston during the early nineteenth century. Unitarianism had developed during the late eighteenth century as a branch of the liberal wing of Christianity during the First Great Awakening of the 1740s. That awakening revolved around the questions of divine election and original sin, and it saw a brief period of revivalism. The Liberals tended to reject both the Orthodox belief in natural evil and the emotionalism of the revivalists. In a sort of incorporation of Enlightenment principles with American Christianity, they began to stress the value of intellectual reason as the path to divine wisdom. This is how transcendentalism began to emerge; the Liberalists began to make their own unique theological contribution in rejecting the doctrine of the divine trinity. Transcendentalism is a belief in a higher reality than that found in sense experience, or belief in a higher kind of knowledge than achieved by human reason. Transcendentalism revolves around the existence of absolute goodness, something beyond description and knowable, ultimately only through intuition. In its most specific usage; Transcendentalism refers to a literary and philosophical movement that developed in the United States. Emerson separated the universe into two categories, nature and soul. He sought to explain the interrelation of them. He called analogies mans key to these relations (American Transcendentalism2 1-2). The term Transcendentalism became applied almost exclusively to doctrines of metaphysical idealism. Transcendentalism opposed the strict ritualism and rigid theology of established religious institutions. Transcendentalist writers expressed semi-religious feelings toward nature, as well as the creative process believing that divinity permeated all objects. Intuition rather than reason, were regarded as the highest human faculty. It was believed in order to comprehend the divine, God, and the universe one must transcend or go beyond the physical and emotional description of normal human thought. That you must go to the level of the soul and once there it is believed that all people have access to divine inspiration and sought and loved freedom and knowledge and truth (American Transcendentalism2 3-5) The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration and in ecstasy. He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic, personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other rules and measures on the spirit than its own (American Transcendentalism2 6-7). ? Transcendentalism was a literary movement on the mid 1800s in which Ralph Waldo Emerson took a great part. He contributed many fabulous ideas into the philosophy and influenced many people to put some remarkable ideas and writings in to Transcendentalism. He was the source of most of its poetry and mysticism, and fostered growth of the New England variant. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the son of a Unitarian Minister, was born on May 25, in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1821, he graduated from Harvard College. He got married in 1829, but his wife died less than a year and a half later. At this time in his life, Emerson doubted his beliefs and profession as a minister. He decided to resign, stating that it was because of the Eucharist (Biography of Emerson 1-2). In 1832, he went to Europe where he met some noteworthy people such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Carle. He began giving public lectures, and in 1836, he published Nature. He had become the sage of Concord and his literary colleagues became known as the Transcendental Club. Ralph Waldo Emerson believed in order to comprehend the divine, God, and the universe, one must transcend or go beyond the physical and emotional descriptions of normal human thought (American Literary Movements 1). With these strong thoughts, Emerson became the leader of many philosophers and writers termed transcendentalists. He ignited a literary movement influencing Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau (American Literary Movements 2). Emerson had many great writings, which influenced many and shared his thoughts with the world. His great thinking influenced many and made people realize that peace is important to a high society. Some of his thoughts include: A peaceful nation is protected by its spiritual power, because everyone is its friend. In individual cases it is extremely rare that a person of peace ever attracts violence. Courage must be transferred from war to the cause of peace; cowards can attain nothing great. The search for the sublime laws of morals and the sources of hope and trust, in man, and not in books, in the present, and not the past, and hopes that these will bring war to an end. (The Way to Peace 3-4) Emerson was also a great writer. His first publication Nature showed his idea of Transcendentalism. He applied this type of thinking to most of his works. In 1841, his first volume of essays, including the majority of his most popular work such as Self-Reliance, Prudence, Heroism, and Art. In 1847 to 1848, he went back to England and lectured. He made a collaborative volume called Representative Men (1850). This collection is one of his best works and contains fantastic essays on famous philosophers and writers such as Plato. He once described war as An epidemic of insanity, breaking out here and there like cholera or influenza, infecting mens brains instead of their bowels (Way to Peace 2). Besides being a great speaker revolutionist and writer, Emerson was also a very recognizable poet. His last collection of poetry was called May Day and Other Pieces, written in 1867. After this, he stopped writing for duration of time. His mental capabilities went downhill, and a few years later wrote Society and Solitude (1870) and Parnassus (1874), both poetic works. Sadly, Ralph Waldo Emerson died in 1882, remembered as a great philosopher, writer, and a leader of mankind (Biography of Emerson 1-2). Transcendentalism was a great literary movement. In fact it was more than just a literary movement, it was a liberator of mankind. Without the influences of Transcendentalism, many of the great writers in American History would not have been as great, and there would be less hope for the future. The important issues that the Transcendentalists addressed were important for the people of that time to pay attention to, and end the corruption of war. Unfortunately, the transcendental movement, with its optimism about the indwelling divinity, self-sufficiency, and high potentialities of human nature, did not survive the crisis of the Civil War and its aftermath. The end of a great literary movement had arrived, but was the beginning of more to come (Abrams 217)? ? Emersons Concord home and a picture of him. Works Cited Page Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brau Jovanovich College Publishers, 1985. American Literary Movements: Transcendentalism. Oct. 1999 (10/5/99). American Transcendentalism. (1). Oct. 1999 (10/6/99). American Transcendentalism. (2). May 2000 ~rlenat/amertran. html (5/29/00). Biography of Emerson. http:/members. xoom. com/_XMCM/RWEmerson/ whoisheohtm. The Way to Peace. Oct. 1999 (10/5/99).

Case study 2-2 Essay Example for Free

Case study 2-2 Essay Case Project 2-2 I would determine whether an investigation is required for this type of situation. I would make am initial assessment about the case that I will be investigating. Meanwhile, determining the type a design of approach for this particular case. I would then estimate the time of each step, when the check was issued and as the amount. I would ask Jonathan to interview the other individual who has access to the company’s accounting program. I would review the company computer as well as the accounting program and see if there are any significant documents; which would including the company checkbook and ledger, as well as contact the bank for the most current bank statement. Any type of information pertaining or related to that particular check, which was issued during that time. However, if cleared, then further investigation has to be done. I would examine that employee’s email for anything suspicious as well as surveillance cameras within that office. I would also study the suspects work habits as well. I would ask Jonathan to locate and itemized any details of the subcontractor’s job amounting to $10,750 and the facts of the check for the amount $12,750. I would try to find the facts of the $2,000 difference, if available by comparing bank statements, and the accounting program. I will inform him to be very watchful of any relevant information that may eventually be evidence in this type of criminal case, which could be employee theft or embezzlement. If this other person beside Jonathan is involved in this crime and not being an  accounting error, has taken place, I would recommend Jonathan to allow me to further my investigation with this company.

Samsung Electronics Company | Analysis

Samsung Electronics Company | Analysis Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. Samsungs Competitive Advantage 3. Samsungs Management Analysis SWOT Analysis of Samsung 4. Samsungs Corporate Strategy 4.1 The Eco Friendly Competitiveness 4.2 Mutual Development With Business Partners 4.3 Creative Culture 5. Samsungs Competitive Analysis 5.1 Competitive Analysis on Samsung 5.2 Innovations as the Essence of Sustainable Development 5.3 International Production Capabilities 6. Key Drivers for Future Growth 6.1 Samsung Key Drivers for Future Growth 6.2 Samsung Electronic 2011 Sustainability Plan 6.3 Samsung Electronics Sustainability Reports 2012 6.4 The Live Smart Product and Samsung Stakeholders 6.5 Samsung 9 Material Issues as Key Driver for Future Growth 7. Samsung Technology Planning Exhibit 1 1. INTRODUCTION Samsung Electronics Company began doing business in 1969 as a low-cost manufacturer of black and white televisions. In 1970, Samsung acquired a semiconductor business which would be a milestone that initiated the future for SEC. Entering the semiconductor industry would also be the beginning of the shift phase for SEC. In 1980, SEC showed the market its ability to mass production. SEC became a major supplier of commodity products (televisions, microwave ovens and VCRs) in massive quantities to well-known original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). For this reason, Samsung was able to easily transition into a major player in the electronic products and home appliances market (Quelch Harrington, 2008). SEC was mainly focused in manufacturing; therefore, its no surprise that the executives themselves were also focused on their manufacturing plants. Profits that SEC received were soon reinvested into Research Development, manufacturing, and supply chain activities. Unexpectedly, in 1997, a financial crisis hit the Asian market. Even though SECs sales were $16 billion, they still had a negative net profit. SEC executives exercised major restructuring efforts that resulted in the dismissal of 29,000 workers and the sale of billions in corporate assets. SEC was able to ride the Asian Financial Crisis and was able to reduce its debt dramatically to $4.6 billion, from $15 billion, over a 5 year period. Furthermore, SEC was able to increase its net margins from -3% to 13% (Quelch Harrington, 2008). In 2002, SEC posted net profits of $5.9 billion, on $44.6 billion in sales, and as a result in 2003 became the most widely held stock among all emerging market companies. Unlike other companies who chose to outsource their manufacturing process, SEC remained committed to its core competence, manufacturing (Quelch Harrington, 2008). During 1998-2003, SEC invested $19 billion into chip factories and $17 billion into manufacturing facilities for TFT-LCDs, which would be a major component for flat screen TVs and computer screens. Even though SEC was focused in the manufacturing process, it didnt make SEC a rigid company. To cope with supply-chain demands, the company remained flexible by building 12 manufacturing plants in China during 2003 and setting up RD facilities in India (Quelch Harrington, 2008). With 17,000 scientists, engineers and designers, SEC was able to create an endless amount of digital products. Due to its fast decision-making process and focus on a digital future, SEC was able to move a new product from the drawing board to its commercialization phase in only five months. This ability was almost 3 times faster than its competition (Quelch Harrington, 2008). 2. SAMSUNGS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Competitive advantage  is defined as the strategic advantage one business entity has over its rival entities within its competitive industry. Achieving competitive advantage strengthens and positions a business better within the business environment. Samsung has always seeks out the opportunities for the company stay ahead of the competitors. In todays fast-paced competitive environment, Samsung face the need to be increasingly competitive and adaptive. Samsung strategic entrepreneurship as the means through which the company simultaneously exploits their current competitive advantages while exploring for future opportunities. Achieving a balance between exploration and exploitation consists of more than merely allocating resources evenly between the two processes. Exploration and exploitation are operationally, structurally, and culturally distinct processes. In order for Samsung to stay gain their competitive advantage; they have utilized their resources to maximize their output or end products. Resources such as human resources, money, machineries and materials are being strategized to stay ahead and be the leader the global market. The first advantage Samsung has created was by developing the human resources. The company acknowledged the need for the employees to work in conducive working environment. Samsung created a family-friend working environment, which allows the team members participate in the developing and improving ideas. Samsung even sponsored their employees for MBAs and PHDs program to develop and enhance their human resources skills. As a result of years of human capital investment, Samsung has a high concentration of skilled engineers and labour. The company are able to management the human resources and knowledge which will directly impacted Samsungs operation by producing a higher productivity and quality of the product s and services. The low cost strategy by Samsung allowed them to be very competitive in the global market. Samsungs ability to negotiate with supplier, gave them the advantage of cost raw material. Samsung won several awards every year since 1995 for their performance, quality and reliability of their products and services. Hence, this gave the advantage for them to negotiate with suppliers to supply them the raw material at the lowest cost possible or even at premium. Samsungs high adaptation cultural to new and fast changing market demand made them an aggressive market reader. As part of their competitive advantage strategy, Samsung setup a centralized research and development (RD) facilities. Most of their competitors have their RD facilities and productions facilities geographically scattered around the globe. The centralization gave them to opportunities to continuous explore and exploit greater products and invention for new technology, as well as innovation for existing technology. The Washington Post on 12 November 2012, in the article Apple vs. Samsung: battle of the Innovation Strategies, was number 4 in the 10 most innovative companies after Apple, Google and 3M. However Samsung was at the number 6 spot in the top 10 RD spender compared to Apple not on the top 20 list. For example, Samsung invested heavily on the new bendable screen technology for smart phone. They planned to launch the new product in 2013, where other competitors are still developing to commercialize the new technology Most of the innovation for the Samsung products shared the same core design. Samsung flexible product line able them to materialize those ideas to end products with minimal cost occurred. For every new invention and innovation, Samsung does not need to set up a new facility. The results, higher yield against the cost of the production. Lower cost of productions allowed Samsung to offer attractive and competitive price for the consumer. The relatively lower cost gives lots of rooms for the pricing strategy to work with. Centralization of the RD facilities and the production facilities, desire Samsung to maximize their resources and machinery. High adaptation to adjust the course of production, able Samsung to produce and broad market their five major products division of Semiconductor, digital technology, telecommunication, LCD and digital appliances. The results, production variety of product mix with lower cost to meet the customer demand. Offering the market with variety or multi product segment, gave Samsung the advantage to other competitors. Example, by providing the varieties of models and product features, Samsung are able to tab to a larger market segment compare to Apple or Nokia. Centralization of RD also gave Samsung the advantage to keep their intellectual property within their boundary and mass produce at the same time. Samsung is an aggressive market reader. They are the early adopters of new technology and innovation, while their competitors still in RD progress or even finding the market niche to commercialize the products. Samsung has an aggressive learning curve, which them an advantage and ability to read the market demand better than other competitors. As the result they are able to produce customized products to meet the customer demand. Samsung stable and strong financial portfolio, gave them the advantage to launch and adopt through aggressive marketing campaign and promotion. Positions themselves before any competitor does by identifying the customers need and demand to enhance their lifestyle. The information and data gathered, along with the close monitoring of the market trend, able Samsung to customize to customer need. Samsung have a large product portfolio, which cover broad market and at all level. Samsung has been in the market since the 60s and has been well established. Acknowledging and creating the competitive advantage ensure their dominant in the industries. The fact that they are in the top 5 in smart phone vendor and shipment for 3rd quarter 2012, with 31.3% market share, proofed that they are the major player in the industry. Continuous exploration and exploitation of market and technology through RD, allow Samsung to be a solution provider for human kind on their daily living. Samsung is a brand name that represents the qualities, technologies, lifestyles and benchmark in the industries. 3. SAMSUNGS MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS The management SWOT analysis covers four dimensions namely; the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. By going through a SWOT analysis, you become aware of the most important dimensions that have an impact on the operations of the company. Once a SWOT analysis has been jolted you can come with relevant strategies in order to succeed in the competitive environment. A good SWOT analysis can help the company and competitors place themselves in the market wisely. Therefore, here we look at the SWOT Analysis of Samsung to give you an idea of how the company is operating in the world. 3.1 (S)trengths Samsung has a wide product range, which allows them to grab ample market share from various markets. This allows Samsung to not only earn a high return but it also allows them to diversify their risk and failure. According to many magazines, Samsung holds a significant portion of the market share in nearly all its products. Samsung is a reputed name and many people are familiar with it around the world. It also has won many awards on its high quality products. It has the ability and resources to use the latest technology and offer new and exciting features frequently. It has won many awards due to its ability to make innovative, sleek and slim products. It has set up many production plants in low cost locations, thus they save on cost of production significantly. It also recently has attracted ample positive press, thus its reputation continues to grow and has a positive impact on the operations of the company. 3.2 (W)eaknesses Samsung never introduces a new design on its own; it always waits and sees to its competitors. Thus, it missed the first mover advantages. It does not charge high price for its products, therefore often people relate the low price to begin a supplier of low quality products. General perception supports that the higher the price, the higher the quality of products. Many Samsung products are not user friendly, therefore consumer often hesitate to switch to Samsung products even if the price and quality is exceptional. It does not focus on a specific niche; it offers its products to the mass market only. It does not create its own software therefore it often relies on other sources to complete the products. Samsung faces immense competition from new companies and online companies. High set up and operation cost for such a company. 3.3 (O)pportunities Samsung should make an active effort to offer unique products to customers, in order to grab more market share. It could start creating softwares for their hardware devices and reduce outsourcing. It could launch sub brands to the company, with new and improved strategies. It could open more stores to serve more customers. It could make an effort to launch creative products first, rather than after its competitors. Samsung should participate in product development and attract more customers. It should also consider participating in various events to attract attention. It could offer additional services to retain existing customers and attract new ones. Increase in the need for mobile phones, Samsung could exploit this need well. 3.4 (T)hreats Samsung has linked product lines, which means that if one product line fails due to its own reasons other product lines will also suffer. Samsung production is very scattered; it controls and operates different products while its competitors use their resources and effort on one segment only. Diversification takes a lot of effort and attention. It has set up production plants in low cost areas, which are subject to ample political and economic instability. These instabilities can have an impact overall company it the crisis gets unmanageable. It is facing threats from many other low cost companies. Various companies have realized the importance of advertising, therefore Samsung will be subject to a lot more competition as advertising creates and draws attention of consumers. Countries all over the world are experiencing a high cost due to high inflation rates in most locations. Many government legislations are now active against the innovative technology due to health and mental concerns. The above section clearly reveals the SWOT Analysis of Samsung. By going through the SWOT Analysis of Samsung you can understand and further evaluate the companys performance to your own advantages. However, the above SWOT Analysis of Samsung is limited to certain significant points only. Therefore, when evaluating a company it is best to search online for more SWOT Analysis of Samsung so that you have all the information you need to assess the company. 4. SAMSUNGS CORPORATE STRATEGY 4.1 The Eco Friendly competitiveness The company have shown high concern in develop Eco friendly products in order to reduce environmental impact. A wide range of activities were carrying out by Samsung to deliver an innovative eco friendly products to customers. These activities were guided by their focus on green management, products, workplaces and communities. Samsung green management policy was aim to boost development on greener environment through their business activities. 4.1.1 Eco Products In 2004, Samsung develop a system that manages products compliance with environmental criteria. It was named as Eco Design Assessment System. This system ensure Samsung products comply with environmental criteria such as resource efficiency and eco-friendly materials as what being stated in global environment regulation. (About Samsung 2012). The system than was being upgraded by introduces eco rating system to all developed products. This rating system will rate the product to three categories which are eco product, good eco- product or premium eco product. Recently, Samsung has set a goal to ensure that 100% of their products exceed good eco product by 2013. (About Samsung 2012). In addition, Samsung also believes that its product should have long lifecycles in order to meet environmental care requirement. Therefore, Samsung implemented a strategy that providing reasonable product warranty. Recently, Samsung also come out with innovations that extending the lifecycle of certain product type. Samsung introduce its innovative technology called smart evolution kit. This technology enables customers to simply upgrade television processor or software by plugging the business card size kit at the back of television. This technology encourage customer to upgrading rather than replacing. 4.1.2 Recycling Activity The next strategy take by Samsung is in respond of requirement of recycling laws that increasingly interested by government in Asia and America. Samsung electronics have develop a proper take back systems by collaborate with the government and related industry associations to develop an effective take back system by meeting the obligation. Samsung implement these activities by implement several voluntary take back programs for its product that at the end of their lifecycle. Among them are Samsung Recycle Direct which operates in USA, and India. This program enables people to drop off Samsung products at collection site or Samsung service centre. Samsung also offers take back service for mobile phone and portable products for consumer around the world Samsung also launched in (Samsung Take back And Recycling) STAR in 2005 to ensure proper recycling process. Under this program, all returned printer cartridge will recycle to something useable. The part that cannot be recycled will be disposed and treated in a safe way. (About Samsung,2012) 4.2 Mutual development with business partners Supplier relationship is crucial to any organization. Suppliers can directly impact the financial performance of an organization as they will influence product development cost, manufacturing schedules, inventory levels and timeliness of delivery goods or services. Samsung realize that its worthwhile to have investment focus on this relationship in order to be effective and efficient. 4.2.1 Strengthened relationship with supplier According to Olsen and Ellram (1997), the link between the characteristic between of the relationship such as trust and cooperation need for further research. In order to be a true global leader in industry, Samsung believe it business partners relationship is a key element. Samsung shared it growth with outstanding suppliers by expanded its support programs to become global companies. The support programs were involved in activities that provide training, technological supports and funds. The communication between Samsung and its supplier were being strengthened by listening to voice of their suppliers from a top management visit on a regular basis. Recently, Samsung also are in planning to put more sharing growth activity with their key suppliers such as free use of patented technologies, support for patent registration of new technology developed by supplier. 4.2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility In line with its strategy to support the local communities and its commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Samsung have come out with the strategy to choose and evaluate their supplier by integrating CSR element in the criteria. CSR activities are growing rapidly in many international organizations. These CSR activities provide Samsung with important opportunities and competitive advantages. Samsung take innovative strategy by conducting annual supplier evaluation including CSR activities and achievement as part of its evaluation. This strategy is aim to give supplier incentives as their participation in CSR activities structure by Samsung to fulfill common code of conduct by Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalitions (EICC). The CSR evaluation criteria consist of 20 different areas including ban of child labor, occupational safety and health and environment management 4.3 Creative Culture Samsung realize that high employees participation in the company growth is essential in order to let them feel sense of dignity, pride and ownership of organizations vision. Samsung strategy to build creative organizational culture in strengthen the competencies of their employees are giving great positive impact on Samsung competitiveness. According to Keyton (2012), organizational culture is not a tangible thing, like an iceberg, it is less to be visual seen but imagined by sets of artifacts, value, and assumption that are designed, managed and exposed by organizational members and through their interactions. Samsung comply with this theory by actively promote creative organizational culture that allows their employees to pursue a healthy work life balance in a creative and challenging work environment. Samsung also are welcoming employees that with different background and facilities. 4.3.1 Diversity Samsung is committed to create work environment that support the diversity of the global market the serve. Every employee in this company regardless of gender, race, and or country of origin should be treating equally in give a voice. Diversity management strategy takes by Samsung is classify into two basic directions. First, it focuses on diversity for minorities which concern the issues on inequality. The strategy are undertakes in upgrade policy and systems to allow people with diverse traits to work creatively. Second, it focuses on diversity perception on all employees. The strategy is aims to foster creative organizational culture that respect diversity by changing the mindset and perception of all employees. These diversity strategies are being demonstrated by offering various programs for female and disabled employees. Female employees are being offered to various programs that supports their commitment to both work and home. It includes parental leave and in house child care facilities. Samsung also have implement separate recruitment program for disabled graduate and internship program for disable students. Samsung continuously support diversity for minors by improving facilities for disabled employees in order to build culture as an ideal workplace. 4.3.2 Talent based recruiting of software and design expert Future creator challenge is a talent based recruiting process designed to hire new employees in software engineering and design which two criteria creativity and expertise are the key factors. The recruitment process were not conventionally ask for written exam but let candidate to proof their talents by submitting application as evidence to their resume or certificate. Selected applicants will undergo interview sessions to test their technical ability and evaluation on their ideas and solution. (Samsung Electronic Sustainability Report 2012) 5. SAMSUNGS COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 5.1 Competitive analysis on Samsung A competitive advantage is an advantage gain over competitor by offering customers greater values either through extra benefit, value added criteria or price factors. Competitive advantage is essential for a company like Samsung in order to be sustainable and successful over the long term. The sustainability of Samsung today is the result from the effort has been taken to some key elements of their remarkable triumph. 5.2 Innovations as the essence of sustainable development Samsungs sustainable development is backed by innovation to several forces that become key success for Samsung. The innovation take by Samsung to overall business operation are addressing key issues surrounding quality and cost. Samsung strictly focuses in these issues by undergo innovation process to get lower manufacturing costs, high profits and reach the market swiftly. In this section well look on the factors that encourage innovation in Samsung business operation that at the eventually will lead to competitive advantage. 5.2.1 Effective RD system Samsung electronics have developed an effective RD system at headquarters and product divisions. The engineers will work on long term project or multiple division projects at corporate RD lab. The lab used by them also is supported by Headquarter and Product division. In addition, Samsung also develop their RD centers in various locations. This can help RD team to identify or observe future trends and opportunity for their technology capabilities and key technologies. This capability is manage effectively by having extensive training system to develop leadership talent. Sophisticated mechanism and evaluation system also are being used to take calculated risk when exploring new markets. This action shows that Samsung are very careful when explore new product opportunity. The team also needs to develop contingency plans to prepare different scenario that might being happen. 5.2.2 Creative talent Samsung aware that innovation is the main source to being remain competitive in this industry. The only way to improve innovation performance is by employing managers that have right set of skills and always like to experiment and take the risks. This kind of leaders are important in directs the organization in creative work culture. The brave decision take by a leader can encourage new mindset and way of thinking to the subordinates. The awareness of need for innovation has made Samsung implement several actions to demonstrate their focus on it. In four years, Samsung have double up numbers of workers working on design, budget for design were increased by 20 -30 percent annually and more design centers were opened. (Strategic Direction, 2005) 5.3 International production capabilities Recently, Samsung are facing great competition in order to sustain in industry. The competitors have recovered Samsung competitiveness by investing in offshore production. Increased overseas productions are seems to be the key major component in their strategic response. In this section, well discuss on how international production capabilities perform by Samsung lead this company to be competitive in industry by reviewing some major action taken by them. 5.3.1 Expansion of offshore production Starting in 1970s, Samsung have started to look over international linkage to acquire product designs and marketing outlet and focus on its mass production capability. In 1990s, Samsung have shown rapid expansion of offshore production as their major strategy. The strategies followed by improvement of RD capabilities to remain they are still competitive in rapidly changing environment. International production capabilities are important for Samsung in order to reap cost competitiveness by utilizing the low cost resources available in South East Asia. Youngsoo Kim (1998) claimed that Samsung implement this strategy by establishing Singapore based purchasing office in 1991 to speed up the internationalization of production. This key intermediary is aggressively played its role in purchasing and distributes huge amounts of component and its affiliates. Since 1990s, Samsung productions plants in Asia were in several countries ranging from end products to components including China, Vietnam, Malaysia and India. The presence of Samsungs production in Asia was increasingly determining its secure position in the industry by having good connection between production capabilities and marketing objectives. 5.3.2 Well trained employees in Asian affiliates Samsung have to make sure their offshore production sites are producing products that follow the specification decided by them. This is important in order to make Samsung are able to reap cost competitiveness by producing in low cost resource country. Samsung assure this condition by trained the employees in its Asian affiliates or sending Korean trainers to the affiliate. In 1990, technicians from refrigerator plant in Indonesia were sent to South Korea for conducting a training session for 3 months. One third of Samsung Microwave plant in Malaysia was also being trained in Korea. These actions have benefits Samsung when the ratio of component sourced from nearby regional suppliers had risen above 50 percent. (SMM, September 1993) 6. KEY DRIVERS FOR FUTURE GROWTH 6.1 Samsung Key drivers for future growth The involvement of Samsung in electronic and mobile market needs them to survive within the industries for the next 20 years. In the other it means that Samsung have to set their key drivers that can allow them archive as well as a benchmark for the future growth. This key driver also is based on Samsung achievements and capabilities that they have now and then to continue with adding some more new keys to guide them to realize their vision and mission. The keys driver for Samsung future growth is also known as their sustainability in present towards the future. Focusing on Samsung Electronics, Samsung sustainability showed that their performance in surviving the industries and can be also as a benchmark to survive in the future. According to Nidomulu and Prahalad (2009) company that make sustainability a goal will achieve competitive advantage in the future , that mean rethinking business models as well as technologies, products and processes. In 2010, Samsung sustainability perform ance and plan focusing on talent management, integrity management, green management, social contribution, partners collaboration and products/services. For 2011 they set 9 material issues as a guidance to sustainability in future growth; (1) Creative Organizational Culture (2) Employee Health and Safety (3) Integrity Management (4) Increasing Social Contribution (5) Patent (6) Climate Change and Energy (7) Water Management (8) Mutual Growth (9) Supplier CSR(Corporate Social Responsibilities) based on Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012. 6.2 Samsung Electronic 2011 Sustainability Plan For Talent Management plan in 2011, Samsung plan to, introduce telecommuting/ work at home scheme for married employees, increase percentage of female executive, set up idea proposal system at oversea research centers and hire new recruits with disabilities. Samsung plan on Integrity Management was to improve compliance program also related activities, declare compliance management and signing of the compliance agreement by employees. Instead of talent and integrity management Samsung also focus on Green Management plan which the plan to set 96% ratio of Eco-product development, set long/mid-term targets for water management, build a global environmental management system and support for outside country partners environment management system. In developing Social Contribution Samsung plan to introduce new regional social contribution based on global guidelines (Samsung Hope for Children) and to create tools in assessing impact of social contribution programs. Samsung needs a supporti ve partner in o

Drawings for King Lear :: William Shakespeare Plays Literature Essays

Drawings for King Lear While in Paris in 1843-4, Ford Madox Brown sketched a set of eighteen pen-and-ink studies for King Lear. Two designs he later developed as finished paintings--Lear and Cordelia (1848-49) and Cordelia's Portion (1866)--and a third he turned into an oil-sketch, Cordelia Parting from Her Sisters (1854). Sixteen of the drawings were shown in 1865 at his Picadilly Exhibition, and Brown wrote the captions that appear below the drawings for the exhibition catalog. The sixteen sketches with captions are owned by the Whitworth Gallery in Manchester, and the two without captions are in the City Museum and Art Gallery of Birmingham. The drawings are done in pen and sepia ink over pencil on paper; they are approximately 11 x 14 inches in size. The idea of a series such as this was not original with Brown; the German artist Moritz Retzsch had completed his series of outlines of Shakespeare's plays (1828-46), which included a series on King Lear, and Eugà ¨ne Delacroix had published his series of thirteen lithographs for Hamlet in 1843, a year before Brown executed his drawings. Critics think Brown knew the work of both artists and was influenced by them. Brown regarded these sketches as no more than "outlines," writing in the catalogue that accompanied his 1865 retrospective exhibition that they "were never intended but as rude first ideas for future more finished designs" (19). Despite their unfinished quality, they powerfully evoke what Lucy Rabin describes as a "vaguely remote historical period" (52), a time represented by Shakespeare as post-Roman but still pre-Christian. Ford Madox Hueffer, the painter's grandson, suggests that the crudity of the sketches was, in fact, deliberate--Brown's attempt to portray in bold, almost flat designs the barbarity of Lear and the era in which he lived (53). Brown reveals in these simple depictions an understanding of King Lear that far surpasses anything the critics had to say about a play that was not at all popular in the nineteenth century. Charles Lamb observed early in the century that "Lear is essentially impossible to be represented on a stage," and at the end of the century--as in, for example, a review of Sir Henry Irving's King Lear at the Lyceum Theatre--the critics were still quoting Lamb and asserting that King Lear "would not be tolerated for an hour if produced without the name of Shakspere" (Illustrated London News 101:637). Small wonder that Sir Henry Irving was reportedly nervous and anxious when he produced this unpopular play at the Lyceum in 1892.

Langston Hughes Essay -- essays research papers

Langston Hughes is a key figure in the vision of the American dream. In his writings his African-American perspective gives an accurate vision of what the American dream means to a less fortunate minority. His poetry is very loud and emotional in conveying his idea of the African-American dream. Most of his poetry either states how the black man is being surpressed or is a wish, a plea for equality. He does not want the black man to be better than everyone else, but just to be treated equal. Able to meet their dream with the same level of success and failure as everyone else. This is most simply stated in Hughes poem I Dream a World. Hughes begins the poem by stating:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “I Dream a World where man   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No other man will scorn,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where love will bless the earth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And peace its paths adorn'; (World Lines 1-4) Here Hughes is stating very generally and unspecific how he wishes for peace and love. Something that everyone would like but will probably never come true. This statement is an excellent attention getter. It tells about a dream that everyone would like without singling out any group of people to blame for the dream not coming true. Then as the poem goes on he gets more and more specific. Hughes then goes on to dream that everyone “Will know sweet freedoms way,/Where greed no longer sa...

Space Bubble Essay -- essays research papers

Violation of Space   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On today’s episode of â€Å"Know Your Principles of Sociology,† the question is how important are the mundane rules of life? Our contestants in Dr. Marin’s class helped us out with finding the answer. To answer this they simply violated an unwritten social norm that people live by in our culture. They decided to violate the space theory. Weather it be to randomly hug people or sit extremely close to them, these brave young souls went to the farthest ends to observe and document the expressions of those being violated and those of others witnessing it. We now will go to one of the students to tell us about the experiment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In article 14 of Cargan and Ballantine’s text Sociological Footprints, they discuss the variable of nonverbal communication. Anyone can learn the words of a language but to understand the gestures and facial expressions is difficult unless raised in that culture. That is why understanding nonverbal communication is important, cause without this knowledge then outsiders would be confused and problems may occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our experiment we decided to invade people’s personal â€Å"bubble†. To do this we secretly videotaped them while others went up and got close to them. Now normally in an American society we have our space and we do not like it when strangers intrude on that space. If done then the typical reaction is to step back and gain the space between back. That ...

Metternich’s Political Confession of Faith Essay

Prince Klemens von Metternich was the leading personality during the Congress of Vienna which sought to restore Europe back to the status quo, undoing the â€Å"disorder† caused by Napoleon. Besides being instrumental in â€Å"cleaning up Napoleon’s mess,† Metternich was a conservative at heart and saw the â€Å"damage† the French Revolution had brought to France and how Napoleon tried to import the legacy of the French Revolution, as well as the Enlightenment, to the rest of the lands in Europe he conquered and the subsequent effects thereafter. Metternich wrote â€Å"Political Confession of Faith† which he addressed to Russian Tsar Alexander I as a â€Å"secret† memorandum in 1820. This also came at a time when there were similar revolutions, led by liberals in parts of Spain, Italy and Germany. This document revealed Metternich’s sentiments about the emerging trend in Europe – the rise of liberalism. For Metternich, this was a trend that was a major area of concern not only for him but for the rest of Europe. He had singled out France for being the â€Å"cradle of the Enlightenment† when he said: â€Å"France had the misfortune to produce the greatest number of these men. It is in her midst that religion and all that she holds sacred, that morality and authority, and all connected with them, have been attacked with a steady and systematic animosity, and it is there that the weapon of ridicule has been used with the most ease and success. Drag through the mud the name of God and the powers instituted by His divine decrees, and the revolution will be prepared! Speak of a social contract, and the revolution is accomplished! † A staunch conservative monarchist, He saw what the French Revolution, whose leaders were imbued with Enlightenment ideas toppled the monarchy which they regarded as obsolete and irrelevant owing to its inability to care for its people, did to French society. For the French people, they no longer recognized the Divine Right of kings and instead saw it from a different prism – King Louis XVI did not live up to the â€Å"social contract† and in doing so, lost his legitimacy to rule and when Louis tried to stifle their rights, they took drastic action that led to his overthrow. What happened next was something that made Metternich concerned – the Reign of Terror which saw what Metternich noticed as a spree of persecution with reckless abandon of those said to be colluding with the old regime. Not only was Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, executed, but several others who had no connection with them, including members of the clergy were also persecuted or sent to the guillotine. He deplored Napoleon for making quite a mess of European society: â€Å"Nevertheless the revolutionary seed had penetrated into every country and spread more or less. It was greatly developed under the regime of the military despotism of Bonaparte. His conquests displaced a number of laws, institutions, and customs; broke through bonds sacred among all nations, strong enough to resist time itself; which is more than can be said of certain benefits conferred by these innovators. From these perturbations it followed that the revolutionary spirit could in Germany, Italy, and later on in Spain, easily hide itself under the veil of patriotism . † For Metternich, as shown in his secret memorandum to the Russian Tsar, liberalism was regarded as a menace to the status quo of Europe where most of the states were still monarchical. Whereas the relatively young republic of the United States of America would be all praises of liberalism, Metternich and his ilk were not. The French Revolution, particularly the Reign of Terror served as a wake-up call to the remaining monarchies to make them stand up and take notice on what could possibly happen if they would allow liberal ideas to germinate in their societies. He warned the other surviving monarchical governments to be on guard by saying, â€Å"The first principle to be followed by the monarchs, united as they are by the coincidence of their desires and opinions, should be that of maintaining the stability of political institutions against the disorganised excitement which has taken possession of men’s minds†¦ In short, let the great monarchs strengthen their union, and prove to the world that if it exists, it is beneficent, and ensures the political peace of Europe: that it is powerful only for the maintenance of tranquillity at a time when so many attacks are directed against it; that the principles which they profess are paterllal and protective, menacing only the disturbers of public tranquillity . † Metternich’s admonition paid off as it was evident during the revolutions of 1848 when liberal movements failed to gain a foothold or emulate the success of the French Revolution. The reason being was that these societies had no long history of empowering the people and only radical means was necessary to do it. The bottom line Metternich was pointing out was that liberalism could not be drastically erected and revolution was not always the answer to addressing the social and political problems. Furthermore, the Reign of Terror also saw how ugly liberalism would go when taken to the extreme in bringing even more instability in exchange for bringing too much freedom to the people. Bibliography Metternich, Klemens von. â€Å"Political Confession of Faith. † Fordham University Modern History Sourcebook. December 20, 1820. http://www. fordham. edu/haslall/mod/1820 metternich. html/